of Edinhitrgh, Session 1883-84. 
853 
Stromness . — Two granite boulders lie on Old Ked Sandstone, near 
Manse. Range of granite bills 6 miles long, situated to eastward 
{Second Report, p. 169). 
Walls (in south end of group). — Lydian stone boulder, weight 
about 28 tons. Large numbers of granite boulders scattered over 
hills. The valleys show (in opinion of reporter, James Russell, 
teacher) both glacier and iceberg agency {First Report, p. 44). 
In a paper on the “ Glaciation of the Orkneys,” by Messrs Peach 
and Horne of the Government Scotch Geological Survey {London 
Geological Society's Journal for November 1880), it is said that 
boulders do not occur very plentifully.” The only island in which 
boulders are mentioned as seen by them, is Westra, where “ blocks 
of granite and quartzite are on the slopes of Cleat Hill ; and rounded 
boulders of red sandstone from Eda occur in the southern district, as 
well as along the western shores.” Messrs Peach and Horne state 
‘‘ that the only part of the. Orkneys which has granite or other crys- 
talline rocks is at Stromness, where they form a strip about 4 miles 
long by 1 in breadth.” If the Westra boulders came from Strom- 
ness, they must have been transported about 40 miles in a N. or 
N.N.E. direction, across what now is occupied by several groups of 
islands and deep sea sounds. 
If, on the other theory, the boulders of sandstone on the southern 
and western shores of Westra came from Eda (as suggested in the 
above passage), they must have been transported about 10 to 12 
miles in a N.W. direction, across what is now a sea sound, in 
some places 25 fathoms deep. 
Messrs Horne and Peach, in the memoir now referred to, re- 
ferring to the beds of red boulder clay in the islands of Eda, 
Sanday, Stromsa, and Sliapinsliay, mention that in these clay beds 
there are boulders smoothed and striated, most of them foreign 
to the islands," and in many cases, accompanied by “ numerous frag- 
ments of marine shells ; " — “ these fragments being smoothed and 
striated like the stones in the boulder clay,” — characteristics, which 
(they say) there can be no doubt are due to the very same cause in 
both cases ” (pp. 656, 657). 
North Ronaldshay . — Boulders foreign to the island mentioned 
{Eighth Report, p. 7). 
In Ninth Bo^dder Report (p. 20) there is a further account of 
