865 
of Edinburgh, Session 1883-84 
there in crevices, with longer axes of the stones lying generally in 
one and the same direction. 
HoXBURGHSHlRE. 
Gastleton . — Many blocks of granite (red ^nd grey varieties) lie on 
greywacke and Carboniferous rocks, — -which apparently came from 
Dumfries and Kirkcudbright shires, 30 to 40 miles distant^ crossing 
Esk and other rivers {Siodh Report, p, 28). 
Rounded boulders of grey granite occur on the fields and moors 
near Castleton Manse, where Convener saw several from 3 to 4 feet 
in diameter. On east bank of River Esk, about 2 miles below Lang- 
holm, Convener saw granite boulders — both red and grey varieties — ■ 
some of them very large. A number occur also in the Gill burn, 
which flows into the Liddell above its junction with the Esk. 
These granite blocks lie on the greywacke strata, as well as on the 
coal measures. The nearest known hill of granite is CrifFel, which 
consists almost entirely of grey granite, situated about 20 miles 
W.S.W. from these boulder^. The next nearest place where granite 
rocks occur is in Ayrshire, at Loch Doune, bearing about W. by K. 
from the boulders. 
In a small stream north of Tofts House, and about three quarters 
of a mile east of Edgerstone, there were seen by Convener several 
angular blocks of greywacke, resting on a purplish porphyry rock. 
The nearest point where there are greywacke rocks in situ is about 
half a mile to west, between which, however, and these blocks, there 
is a porphyry hill several hundred feet high. There is no greywacke 
to the south or east (“Geological Account of Roxburghshire,” Trans. 
Edin. Roy. Soc., vol. xv. p. 412). 
In this parish there is a remarkable kaim, composed partly of 
gravel, partly of sand, in horizontal beds. It runs for about half a 
mile ; is about 200 feet wide at base, and from 50 to 60 feet high. 
In the gravel there are blocks and pebbles of granite (both red and 
grey), as well as fragments of shale and coal, — derived, no doubt, 
from rocks to the westward. The kaim forms nearly a straight 
line, the direction of which is K.E. by E. {Trans. Edin. Roy. Soc., 
vol. XV. p. 463). 
Another long ridge of sand occurs near Eckford, on the River 
Cayle, running E.K.E, 
