892 
Proceedings of the Boyal Society 
The cases of boulders, with Balani and Serpuloe found on them, 
have been explained by supposing that after these fish had grown on 
them the boulders were lifted by floating ice and dropped elsewhere 
{Abstract, pp. 786 and 860), 
2. Boulders on Surface of the Country. 
{a) Boidders lying on flattest side occur so frequently that it is 
not necessary to quote cases. 
{h) A less frequent case is ivhen boidders occur standing on end. 
This observed occasionally, when boulders embedded in clay or 
sandy mud (see Estuary of Forth, p. 99, and Ed. Roy. Soc. Trans., 
vol. xxvii. p. 630, and Ramsaifs Physical Geology, p. 155). 
Also observed on open surface of the country; when the 
boulder leans against a rock, as at Iona, in the case of the large 
boulder at Dun I ; — and of a small boulder near south end of island 
{Abstract, p. 808). 
(c) Butted against rochs, or resting on or against other boidders. 
See such cases mentioned {Abstract pp. 773, 780, 793, 808, 810, 
812, 818, 836, 861, 862). 
{d) On steep sides of hills. 
In Abstract, p. 825, there is notice of an isolated hill (Treshlik 
Hill), on an exceedingly steep side of which a large boulder rests 
{Lithograiph Ho. 31, Plate X.). 
JjaAbstract,p. 834, there is notice of another isolated hill in Plichity 
valley, on which there are several boulders precariously situated, 
because of the steepness of the hill-side {Lithograph Ho. 32, Plate X.). 
In Abstract, p: 824, a remark by Professor Duns is referred to, with 
regard to some granite boulders lying on a part of Ben Hevis, where 
the mountain slopes down so steeply, “as to make it a puzzle to 
understand how they can remain in position.” 
In Abstract, p. 856, see similar cases, on Bochastle Hill and Clunie. 
In Abstract, p. 862, notice will be found of a large boulder resting 
on a slope at an angle of so much as 47°. 
(e) On tops of hills. 
In Aberdeenshire {Ballater), boulders of granite and gneiss are on 
the summit of a hill, at height of 2963 feet; there being no rocks 
of that nature in situ on the hill {Abstract, p. 770). 
In Aberdeenshire {Braemar) there are boulders on tops of hills 
