of Edinlurgh, Session 1883-84 
919 
at Alt-na~Bruach^ there are cliffs of mixed sand and gravel, equally 
deep, all more or less stratified. 
The River Treig, near its exit from the loch, has cut through 
banks of gravel, also stratified, exceeding 70 feet in depths 
It may be added that any one passing through the Caledonian 
Canal, near Banavie, may see great gashes on the MCy Hills to the 
north, occurring in enormous beds of white sand, at a height of 2000 
feet above sea-level. 
Mr Jamieson of Ellon examined the whole of this district 
carefully, and mentions that at the outlet of Loch Treig he found 
“ striae running horizontally along the face of the rocks up to 2000 
feet;” and he adds, “not that I affirm even this to be their upper 
limit.” He mentions similar features, even as high as 3055 
feet above the sea, “ which (he says) raise a suspicion that some 
denuding agent has flowed oner it at a period geologically recent.” 
{Lond. Geol. Soc, Journal, 26th Feb. 1862, p. 172.) 
In these circumstances, it seems impossible to doubt that the sea 
has flowed over the whole of this district, and in such a way as to 
bring detritus of sand, mud, gravely and boulders, and deposit them 
alike on hills and in valleys. The detritus which forms the kaims in 
the Spean valley, which I have been describing, must therefore almost 
certainly have been brought and deposited there by oceanic agency. 
The gravel banks or kaims of the Spean valley are not unexampled 
in many other parts of Scotland. In Linlithgowshire a gravel bank, 
with steep sides, runs from Polmont eastward, nearly two miles 
continuously, with occasional bends, and is now cut across at several 
points by small rivers. In Haddingtonshire a similar east and 
west kaim runs for about a quarter of a mile* In Hairnshire 
there is a similar kaim, traceable for a greater distance. In Ber- 
wickshire, on Greenlaw Muir, at a height of about 1000 feet above 
the sea, there is a gravel bank, high and steep, about three miles in 
length, presenting several considerable bends in its course, and cut 
across by two small streams. 
In consulting the Admiralty Maps, which show the forms of 
submarine sandbanks, I find many examples running for more 
than a mile continuously, and, in one case, a bank curved into 
almost a semicircle. Off the mouth of the Thames, where the 
tidal currents are strong, there are several such cases. 
