1909-10.] Restoration of an Ancient British Race of Horses. 301 
size and in the enamel foldings (including the internal pillar), closely 
resembles the small molar (m. 1) (fig. 10) from the French Pliocene, while 
the last premolar (fig. 12) resembles the last premolar (fig. 22) of the 12*2 
hands Newstead horse, but has a smaller pillar. 
The Shetland pony (“ Eric ”), to which these teeth belonged, measured 
36*5 inches at the withers, and was characterised by a fine small head, fairly 
slender limbs, a tail-lock, and the absence of hind chestnuts.* 
How many of the modern ponies of the Celtic type, in their teeth and 
limbs, agree with the small horse which in prehistoric times frequented the 
south of England it is impossible to say, for the simple reason that very 
few skeletons of ponies have been preserved. Hitherto, in addition to 
examining the teeth and limb bones of the pedigree Shetland pony “ Eric,” 
I have only had the opportunity of studying the teeth and limb bones of 
an Exmoor pony, a New Forest pony, a Barra (Hebridean) pony, and two 
Iceland ponies. 
In the Exmoor pony (a bay-brown 11 1 hands pony with a light muzzle, 
the ergots absent and the hind chestnuts small), the length of the meta- 
carpals is equal to 6’6 times their width ; the pillar of the last premolar 
(p.m. 4) is as long as that of the second molar (m. 2), and the face is broad 
and nearly in a line with the cranium. These characters indicate that the 
Exmoor pony is a nearly equal blend of the “ forest ” ( Equus robustus) and 
“plateau” (Equus agilis) types. In the New Forest pony (a 122 hands 
flea-bitten grey, with ergots but only one hind chestnut, with a fine head 
DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES 17 to 21. 
Fig. 17. — Side view of skull of slender-limbed Newstead horse. The face is bent downwards, so 
that the palate forms an angle of 8° 10' with the base of the cranium — in a Prjevalsky 
stallion the deflection is 16° 5', but in an Iceland pony of the “forest” type it may be 2°. In 
the skull figured the premaxillse have a length of 182 mm. ; in a “ forest” horse of the same 
size the premaxillse measure 171 mm. The premaxilla-frontal index is 98 in the one (New- 
stead), but only 83 in the other. 
Fig. 18. — Drawing of a horse of the “steppe ” type, with an upright mane and the tail “roughened 
at the root. ” Madelaine Cave. Palaeolithic age. 
Fig. 19. — Drawing of head and neck of the “plateau” or Equus agilis type. The head is Arab- 
like in outline, and the mane seems to have been long enough to arch to one side of the neck. 
Combarelles Cave. Palaeolithic age. In a drawing of a slender-limbed horse of the same 
period the tail has long hair up to the root, as in a modern Barb. 
Fig. 20. — Leg of a pony with a broad dorsal band (eel-mark). The zebra-like bars on the leg are 
wide apart. 
Fig. 21. — Leg of a pony with a narrow dorsal band such as occurs in the Celtic pony and 
Prjevalsky’s horse. The leg bars are close together. 
* For the opportunity of studying the skeleton of “Eric 55 I am indebted to Mr Charles 
M. Douglas of Auchlochan, Lesmahagow. 
