112 
SECOND BOOK. 
which the molasses drains off into a large tank over 
which the hogsheads are placed ; or, where machinery 
can be employed, the grains are freed from the 
molasses by machines called centrifugals , which 
cleanse the sugar and make it bright and dry. 
8. The raw or muscovado sugar remaining is then 
ready to be shipped, and from it, in course of time, 
white loaf-sugar will be prepared. Four-fifths of 
the quantity sent out of the island go to the United 
States. 
9. Jamaica has long been noted for its rum. This 
is made from molasses and the skimmings of the 
hot cane -juice, mixed with water and ‘dunder’. 
Dunder consists of the dregs left in a still in which 
rum has been made. 
10. The sugar in the mixture causes it to ‘ work 
or ferment, so that a great change takes place, and 
the liquid turns thin. After it has been left to 
ferment for several days it is pumped into a large 
copper still, which is fixed over a large furnace. 
n. As the liquid becomes heated, vapour rises 
from it, and is collected in pipes which are coiled 
inside a large tank of cold water. 
12 . The coldness causes the vapour in the pipes to 
be chilled, so that it changes into a liquid again. 
But the impurities have been left behind in the still, 
and the clear pure liquid we get from the chilled 
vapour is rum. By adding a little burnt sugar to 
it we give it the well-known brown colour. 
