SUMMARY, 
Part I.— ANIMAL LIFE. 
THE ANIMAL KINGDOM (pp. 9-52). 
Sub-kingdoms. — The Animal Kingdom consists of two great 
divisions, viz.: — 
1. Vertebrata: including all backboned animals, and forming a sub- 
kingdom. 
2. I n vertebrata ; including all animals without backbones. These ani- 
mals are arranged in sub-kingdoms, thus : — 
(1) Oysters, snails, cuttle-fishes, &c. 
(2) Worms, crabs, spiders, centipedes, insects, &c. 
(3) Star-fishes, sea-urchins, &c. 
(4) Jelly-fishes, sea-anemones, &c. 
(5) Sponges, &c. 
Classes and Orders. — Each sub-kingdom is divided into classes, 
and each class into orders. The classes of Backboned Animals (sub-kingdom 
Vertebrata) are five in number, viz.: — 
1. Mammals. 3. Reptiles. | 5. Fishes. 
2. Birds. 4. Amphibians. 
Vertebrata, Class I.— MAMMALS (pp. 15-25). 
Habitat: 
1. The air ; e.g. bats. 
2. The wate r ; e.g. whale, manatee, seal. 
3. The land ; e.g. quadrupeds and monkeys. 
Characteristics : 
1. The highest class of the Vertebrata in order of development. 
2. The covering, at some period, and on some part of the body, is always 
| hair (wool or fur). 
3. The female is provided with milk to feed her young. 
4. The head is doubly -jointed to the backbone. 
5. The heart is four-chambered ; the blood warm. 
6. The chest (thorax) and belly (abdomen) are separated by a dia- 
phragm. m 
( M 387 ) 
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