SUMMARY. 
213 
4. Pistil ; consisting of (a) the stigma. 
(b) the style. 
(c) the ovary, which holds ovules or seed -buds. 
The sepals and the petals form protective coverings for the inner parts of the 
flower. 
Some flowers have neither petals nor sepals, as the coco. 
FERTILIZATION.— FLOWERS AND SEEDS (pp. 56-65). 
Fertilization. — The ovules in the ovary (at the bottom of the pistil) 
do not begin to develop into seeds until the stigma receives some pollen- 
grains from the anthers. When this occurs the flower is fertilized. It 
may be — 
(a) Self-fertilized, by pollen -grains from the same flowers. 
[b) Cross-fertilized, by pollen-grains from another flower of the same 
kind. 
Self-fertilization is impossible in some flowers, because — 
1. The flower may not have both stamens and pistil; or 
2. The anthers may scatter their pollen before the stigma is ready for 
Lt ; or 
3. The structure of the flower prevents it. 
Cross-fertilization. — Pollen is carried from one flower to another by — 
1. The wind ; or by 
2. Insects and small birds. 
Wind-fertilized flowers are generally small, and without gay colours or sweet juices. 
Their anthers are long and open to the breeze ; their stigmas large or feathery, to 
catch the wind-borne pollen. 
The colour and odour of flowers serve to attract insects, &c. 
GERMINATION.— SEEDS AND SEEDLINGS (pp. 65-67) 
The Seed. — Each seed contains — 
1. The germ of a new plant. 
2. A store of food. 
When the germ begins to grow the seed is said to germinate. 
The Germ. — This consists of — 
1. Radicle, or beginning of the root. 
2. Plumule, or bud. 
3. Either one s^ed-leaf (as in corn), or two seed-leaves (as in a peak 
The Store of* Food may be either — 
1. In the seed-leaves (as in peas), or 
