218 
SECOND BOOK. 
Kinds of Manure: 
1. General ; viz. “green ” manure, and pen or “farmyard ” manure. 
2. Special ; to supply some particular need, e.g. guano, crushed bones, 
wood ashes, &c. 
CLIMATE AND PLANT LIFE (p. 101). 
The growth of plants is dependent upon climate. 
Plants differ in the amount of light, heat, and moisture they require. 
They are affected by — 
1. The warmth of the air. 
2. The moisture in the air. 
3. The direction and force of the winds. 
4. The amount of rainfall. 
5. The amount of sunshine. 
INSECT PESTS (p. 103). 
The insect pests are numerous both in kind and in number. They 
mostly attack weakly plants, and therefore a healthy growth should be 
kept up. Among the chief pests are — 
Caterpillars, Grubs, and Maggots; the larvae hatched 
from eggs of beetles, moths, butterflies, and other insects. 
Examples. The “grugru” or palm-grub, sugar-cane borer, coffee-leaf 
miner, tobacco-leaf “ worms ”. 
Injuries. Green parts of plants are eaten; or roots, stem, seeds, &c., 
are bored. 
Remedies. Picking off by hand. Destroying the perfect insect. 
Scale-i nsects. — Of these about 500 varieties exist. 
Injuries. They weaken the plant by sucking its juices. 
Remedy. Syringing with solution of soap. 
Natural Enemies. Number of insect pests are taken for food by other 
creatures, e.g. by birds, lizards, scorpions, centipedes, and spiders, and by 
other insects. 
Ticks upon Animals.— Ticks from diseased animals often cause the disease 
in other animals. Their young ones are equally harmful. Withered grasses and 
vegetable refuse harbour them. Animals should be kept free from ticks, and tick- 
destroying birds should be protected. 
