76 
Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. [Sess. 
November 2. 
Water. 
Fish. 
Difference. 
Surface 
io-o C. 
Flounders j 
r 5 
10°2 C. 
0*0 C. 
Bottom (2 fathoms) 
10*2 
L i 
10-4 
0-2 
6 
Mean, 1023 
0-03 
Coal-fish j 
f 1 
10-2 
o-o 
(immature) 1 
11 
10-3 
0T 
2 
Mean, 1025 
005 
November 9. 
Water. 
Fish. 
Difference. 
Surface 
Bottom (5 fathoms) 
9°8 C. 
10-0 
Flounders | | 
10 ? 0 C. 
10-1 
0°0 C. 
o-i 
2 Mean, 10'05 
0-05 
Smelt 1 
10*0 
o-o 
Difference between Temperature of Fisli and of Water at Sea-bottom. 
Flounders. 
Coal-fish (immature). 
Smelt. 
0’0 C. in 15 specimens 
o 
0*0 C. in 1 specimen. 
o 
0*0 C. in 1 specimen. 
0-1 „ 4 
o-i „ 1 „ 
0-2 „ 2 
Mean, 0’04 „ 21 „ 
0*05 ” 2 „ 
In these fish, which were small (from J to 2 lbs. ), and which had been 
gently and not forcibly drawn to the surface, the temperature is practically 
the same as that of the water at the sea-bottom in which they swim. 
* 
Body-Temperature of the Crustacea and Echinodermata. 
Crustaceans and echinoderms were easily procurable around the shores 
of Pan Bay, Orkney, and of these I examined the following species in 
considerable number : the shore crab ( Carcinus moenas), the edible crab 
(' Cancer pagurus), the lobster ( Homarus vulgaris), the starfish (Asterias 
rubens), and the sea-urchin ( Echinus esculentus). The shore crabs were 
