84 
Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. [Sess. 
torsk ( Brosmius brosme), coal-fish or saithe ( Gadus virens), haddock 
( Gccdus cvgelfinus), flounder ( Pleuronectes flesus), smelt ( Osmerus eper- 
lanus), dog-fish ( Scyllium catulus), shore crab ( Garcinus moenas), edible 
crab ( Cancer pagurus), lobster (Homarv^s vulgaris), sea-urchin (. Echinus 
esculentus), and starfish (Asterias rubens). The minimum, maximum, 
and mean temperature difference for each species are given in the 
following table : — 
Species. 
Number. 
Minimum. 
Maximum. 
Mean. 
Cod 
90 
0°2 C. 
0°7 C. 
0*4 C. 
Ling 
5 
0-4 
0-6 
0-56 
Torsk . 
1 
0-4 
0-4 
0-4 
Coal-fish (adult) 
1 
0-7 
0*7 
0-7 
„ (immature) 
12 
o-o 
0T 
0*008 
Haddock 
17 
Uncertain 
Flounder 
25 
o-o 
0-2 
0-028 
Smelt .... 
1 
o-o 
o-o 
o-o 
Dog-fish .... 
2 
00 
o-o 
o-o 
Shore crab 
59 
o-o 
0-2 
0-034 
Edible crab . 
40 
o-o 
0-3 
0-12 
Lobster .... 
1 
o-i 
0T 
o-i 
Sea-urchin 
45 
o-o 
0-2 
0-029 
Starfish .... 
8 
0*0 
00 
o-o 
The excess of temperature is most evident in the larger specimens. 
This is well shown in the case of the coal-fish, where in the adult it was 
0 o, 7 C., and in the great majority (11 out of 12) of the young of the 
first year, 0°'0 C. The body- weight and the conditions under which the 
fish are captured probably form the most important factors in determining 
the temperature difference. 
In 14 codfish, where the rectal, blood, and muscle temperatures were 
recorded in the same individual, it was found to be highest in the muscle 
and lowest in the rectum, the mean temperature difference being 0 o, 46 C. 
for the muscle, 0 o, 41 C. for the blood, and 0 o- 36 C. for the rectum. 
In conclusion, I desire to express my indebtedness to W. S. Bruce, Esq., 
LL.D., Director of the Scottish Oceanographical Laboratory, and to 
Alexander Frazer, Esq., M.A., for the use of apparatus ; and also to 
Mr D. Rosie and his sons, on whose vessel most of the observations 
were made. 
(. Issued separately January 29, 1908.) 
