732 Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 
II. MAKDOUGALL-BRISBANE PRIZE. 
1st Biennial Period, 1859. — Sir Roderick Impey Murchison, on account of his Contributions 
to the Geology of Scotland. 
2nd Biennial Period, 1860-62.— William Seller, M.D., F.R.C.P.E., for his “ Memoir of the 
Life and Writings of Dr Robert Whytt,” published in the Transactions of the Society. 
3rd Biennial Period, 1862-64. — John Denis Macdonald, Esq., R.N., F.R.S., Surgeon of 
H.M.S. “ Icarus,” for his paper “on the Representative Relationships of the Fixed and Free 
Tunicata, regarded as Two Sub-classes of equivalent value ; with some General Remarks on 
their Morphology,” published in the Transactions of the Society. 
4th Biennial Period, 1864-66. — Not awarded. 
5th Biennial Period, 1866-68. — Dr Alexander Crum Brown and Dr Thomas Richard 
Fraser, for their conjoint paper “on the Connection between Chemical Constitution and 
Physiological Action,” published in the Transactions of the Society. 
6th Biennial Period, 1868-70. — Not awarded. 
7th Biennial Period, 1870-72.— George James Allman, M.D., F.R.S., Emeritus Professor of 
Natural History, for his paper “ on the Homological Relations of the Ccelenterata,” published 
in the Transactions, which forms a leading chapter of his Monograph of Gymnoblastic or 
Tubularian Hydroids — since published. 
8th Biennial Period, 1872-74. — Professor Lister, for his paper “on the Germ Theory of 
Putrefaction and the Fermentive Changes,” communicated to the Society, 7th April 1873. 
9th Biennial Period, 1874-76. — Alexander Buchan, A.M., for his paper “ on the Diurnal 
Oscillation of the Barometer,” published in the Transactions of the Society. 
10th Biennial Period, 1876-78. — Professor Archibald Geikie, for his paper “on the Old 
Red Sandstone of Western Europe,” published in the Transactions of the Society. 
11th Biennial Period, 1878-80. — Professor Piazzi Smyth, Astronomer-Royal for Scotland, for 
his paper “on the Solar Spectrum in 1877-78, with some Practical idea of its probable 
Temperature of Origination,” published in the Transactions of the Society. 
12th Biennial Period, 1880-82. — Professor James Geikie, for his “Contributions to the 
Geology of the North-West of Europe,” including his paper “on the Geology of the 
Faroes,” published in the Transactions of the Society. 
13th Biennial Period, 1882-84. — Edward Sang, Esq., LL.D., for his paper “on the Need of 
Decimal Subdivisions in Astronomy and Navigation, and on Tables requisite therefor,” and 
generally for his Recalculation of Logarithms both of Numbers and Trigonometrical Ratios, 
— the former communication being published in the Proceedings of the Society. 
14th Biennial Period, 1884-86. — John Murray, Esq., LL.D., for his papers “ On the Drainage 
Areas of Continents, and Ocean Deposits,” “ The Rainfall of the Globe, and Discharge of 
Rivers,” “ The Height of the Land and Depth of the Ocean,” and “The Distribution of 
Temperature in the Scottish Lochs as affected by the Wind.” 
15th Biennial Period, 1886-88. — Archibald Geikie, Esq., LL.D., for numerous Communica- 
tions, especially that entitled “ History of Volcanic Action during the Tertiary Period in the 
British Isles,” published in the Transactions of the Society. 
16th Biennial Period, 1889-90 —Dr Ludwig Becker, for his paper on “ The Solar Spectrum at 
Medium and Low Altitudes,” printed in vol. xxxvi. Part I. of the Society’s Transactions. 
17th Biennial Period, 1890-92. — Hugh Robert Mill, Esq., D.Sc., for his papers on “The 
Physical Conditions of the Clyde Sea Area,” Part I. being already published in vol. xxxvi. 
of the Society’s Transactions. 
18th Biennial Period, 1892-94. — Professor James Walker, D.Sc., Ph. D., for his work on 
Physical Chemistry, part of which has been published in the Proceedings of the Society, vol. 
xx. pp. 255-263. In making this award, the Council took into consideration the work 
done by Professor Walker along with Professor Crum Brown on the Electrolytic Synthesis of 
Dibasic Acids, published in the Transactions of the Society. 
19th Biennial Period, 1894-96. — Professor John G. M‘Kendrick, for numerous Physiological 
papers, especially in connection with Sound, many of which have appeared in the Society’s 
publications. 
20th Biennial Period, 1896-98. — Dr William Peddie, for his papers on the Torsional Rigidity 
of Wires. 
21st Biennial Period, 1898-1900.— Dr Ramsay H. Traquair, for his paper entitled “ Report on 
Fossil Fishes collected by the Geological Survey in the Upper Silurian Rocks of Scotland,” 
printed in vol. xxxix. of the Transactions of the Society. 
