1910-11.] The Place in Nature of the Tasmanian Aboriginal. 49 
some degree of certainty the final position of the Tasmanian with reference 
to the Anthropoids, Pithecanthropus, Homo primigenius, Homo fossilis, 
and Homo sapiens both extinct and recent. 
Notwithstanding that the Anatomy Department possesses casts of the 
majority of the skulls of primitive man mentioned, we thought it better to 
make use of previously existing figures recorded by competent authorities 
rather than to make fresh ones of our own on our casts, and with this 
object our comparative figures for the nearest anthropoid ape, Pithe- 
canthropus erectus, and the three examples of Homo primigenius, are 
selected exclusively from Schwalbe’s work “ Studien fiber Pithecanthropus 
erectus ” (2). In connection with the remains of Homo primigenius, it is 
important to notice the source whence our comparative data were derived, 
because in other writings Schwalbe gives different measurements for these 
crania: thus for the length of the parietal arc of Spy 1, Spy 2, and 
Neanderthal, Schwalbe gives in his Pithecanthropus work the figures 
employed in the present investigation, namely, 120, 120, and 119, whereas 
in his “Zur Frage der Abstammung des Menschen” (15) the figures read 
125, 110, and 110, respectively. As this is not the only instance where 
, Schwalbe’s different measurements have afforded different results, we 
regard it as important, in justice to ourselves, that the source whence our 
comparative data for the Spy-Neanderthal group are derived should be 
borne in mind. 
For all the remainder of our comparative data our figures are derived 
from one or other of six absolutely reliable sources, namely, Schwalbe’s 
“ Studien fiber Pithecanthropus erectus ” (2) ; the same author’s “ Zur Frage 
der Abstammung des Menschen” (15); “Das Schadelfragment von Brfix 
und verwandte Schadelformen ” (16) ; “ Das Schadelfragment von Cannstatt ” 
(17); “Ueber die specifischen Merkmale des Neanderthalschadels ” (9); or 
from Klaatsch’s excellent work in Merkel and Bonnet’s Ergebnisse der 
Anatomie und Entwiclcelungsgeschichte (18). 
As all the indices and data required by us are not furnished by these 
authors in the works quoted, it will be understood that we have either 
had to calculate the indices from the actual figures furnished in the above- 
mentioned works, or have obtained them from the profile curves of 
Schwalbe and Klaatsch. This last procedure was a comparatively easy 
one, inasmuch as their drawings are to scale. 
The curved measurements, such as the lengths of the frontal and 
parietal arcs, were more difficult to obtain, and we cannot absolutely 
guarantee for the primitive crania the authenticity of our work under 
this heading. It must also be borne in mind that wherever a curved 
VOL. xxxi. 4 
