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Proceedings of the Koyal Society of Edinburgh. [Sess. 
5. The bregma foot-point is farther back in Pithecanthropus than in 
the nearest anthropoid — the chimpanzee. 
6. The curvature index of the os frontale is less in Pithecanthropus than 
in the chimpanzee. 
7. The opisthionic angle is less in Pithecanthropus erectus than it is in 
the nearest anthropoid ape. 
In all the vertical columns in which length or breadth enter as one or 
both of the concerned factors, there is a very marked interchange of 
position of the compared objects. This is due to the great dimensions, as 
compared with those of modern man, of some of the crania of primitive 
man with which the table deals. Once these dimensional data are excluded, 
there is not nearly so much interchange in position. 
The relative positions occupied by the Tasmanian under the 27 observa- 
tional counts are respectively 10, 8, 10, 6, 9, 3, 10, 5, 9, 10, 9, 9, 8, 6, 4, 10, 
4, 11, 6, 9, 6, 5, 9, 9, 9, 9, 6. He thus maintains a fairly uniform position, 
but stands nearest the anthropoid apes in column 6, which deals 
with the comparison of half the sum of the glabella-inion length plus 
the breadth ; and is farthest away from them in column 18, which 
deals with the length of the chord of the pars glabellaris of the os 
frontale, a somewhat surprising result, to which we have already directed 
attention. 
It is unnecessary to pursue the comparative data obtained by a study 
of Table XXIX. farther, because we have devised other methods for the 
final display of the relative evolutionary positions of the various objects 
(Compared. 
Our first attempt at such evolutionary placing consisted in taking the 
position of the Tasmanian wherever he occurs as the zero point, all the 
objects which lie between the Tasmanian and the anthropoid and the 
anthropoid himself being regarded as minus points, and all those which lie 
farther away than the Tasmanian from the anthropoid as plus points. 
Thus in column 1 of Table XXIX. the Tasmanian is tenth on the list. 
This is the zero point. The Cannstatt skull is ninth, and is therefore 
minus 1. The Brux skull is eighth, and becomes minus 2, and so on down 
to the anthropoid, which in this column is first in position, and becomes 
therefore minus 9. In the same column the Veddah is credited with a 
plus 1, the European with a plus 2, the Dschagga negro with a plus 3, and 
the Kalmuck with a plus 4. 
This procedure was adopted for every one of the compared objects 
throughout the possible 27 observations. To take the Veddah as an 
example. In column 1 he is credited with a plus 1, because he stands one 
