1910-11.] Observations on Australian Aboriginal Crania. 7 
length and breadth of the Australian, and a series from other authors of 
what are regarded as Homogeneous Crania : to these are added the values 
obtained by Berry, Robertson, and Cross (26) for Tasmanians and Papuans, 
and of those obtained by Smith (27) for Melanesians. 
Pearson (11) cites the data marked * on this table as being, as far 
as he is aware, all that have been worked out on skull length and 
breadth, excepting that he substitutes a fresh series of French skulls with 
a standard deviation for length of 5*942 and for breadth of 5*214 for 
the French series of the table, because he says that he suspects these 
Paris Catacomb series of heterogeneity, owing to their standard deviation 
being over 6. 
An examination of the table shows that the Australian male and 
unsexed crania give a standard deviation for length greater than the 
French Catacomb skulls. 
Table IV. details the correlation values for length, breadth, and height 
of Australians, Tasmanians, and Papuans, and these are compared with 
values for other series abstracted from Biometrika, vol. i. p. 457, and with 
those of Smith (27) for Melanesians. 
Lastly, Table V. records the variability of the cephalic index, height 
index, and breadth-height index of the Australian, and of those other races 
of which there is a comparative mathematical knowledge. 
Wherever results are marked with an asterisk the height is the auricular 
height. In the case of the Naquada skulls the height is the vertical height, 
as measured from the basion in a plane at right angles to the horizontal 
plane of the Frankfort agreement. The point in the vertex of the skull in 
this measurement does not always coincide with the bregma, and conse- 
quently is not the same as the basilo-bregmatic height of the international 
agreement, as used by the present author, and by Berry, Robertson, and 
Cross (26) in their work on the Tasmanians and Papuans, and also by 
Smith (27). 
Concerning the lengths, breadths, and heights, a study of Table II. 
shows that these measurements for the male crania are all greater than 
those for the female. If they be viewed as an entity without reference to 
the question of sex, a mean is arrived at which falls in each case between 
the values obtained for male and female skulls. The means of the indices 
show that the female crania, relative to length, are broader than the male, 
but are not so high. The females are therefore more brachycephalic than 
males. On the other hand, the unsexed crania afford results which fall 
about midway between those obtained for male and female. 
Turning next to the variability of length, breadth, and height, as 
