1910-11.] The Place in Nature of the Tasmanian Aboriginal. 67 
plus side of the Tasmanian, is also in all probability correctly placed. 
Morphologically and ethnologically he is about on the same plane as the 
Tasmanian. His appearance on the immediate plus side of the Tasmanian, 
but only to a decimal point, is probably accurately accounted for by 
supposing that his slight morphological advance has been due to the fact 
that he has occupied a region of the world where he has been amenable to 
extraneous influences, whereas the Tasmanian, on the other hand, has lived 
for many thousand generations in absolute seclusion, and undisturbed by 
any extraneous crossings or admixtures. 
The one point in which our tabular results seem to us to give a 
contradictory result is in the Dschagga negro attaining a higher plus 
figure than the modern European. The Europeans, based as they are 
on Schwalbe’s work, have all emanated from the same district, and 
this may possibly indicate a certain amount of inbreeding, or lack 
of evolutionary development. Of the Dschagga negro, also taken from 
Schwalbe’s work, we cannot find any ethnological data, so we are conse- 
quently unable to explain his apparently anomalous position. Anomalous 
though it be, it is the only one in the completed result, and should not 
therefore, be regarded as invalidating the main results, which, as has been 
shown, are of a very striking character. For further remarks on both the 
Dschagga negro and the European, see also Mr Cross’s paper, in which the 
final results for the whole series are fully dealt with. 
Of the Tasmanian himself, it is clear that our final results place his 
position in Nature very accurately. Of recent man the Tasmanian stands 
nearest to Homo fossilis, but morphologically has progressed a very long 
way from Homo primigenius and the anthropoid apes — very much farther 
than most writers would seem to believe. We cannot as yet state whether 
the Australian aboriginal will stand on the evolutionary plus or the 
minus side of the Tasmanian aboriginal, for the simple reason that our 
investigations on the Australian are not yet available for these purposes of 
comparison ; but, from our mathematical results (22), as well as from the 
observations already in progress on the Australian aboriginal, we expect 
that the latter will stand on the plus side of the Tasmanian. 
Quite irrespective of the relationship of the Australian to the 
Tasmanian, the present results prove that the latter has progressed a very 
long way from the Spy- Neanderthal men. Our figures show that both 
the Spy-Neanderthal men and the man (or woman) of Gibraltar stand 
more nearly related to Pithecanthropus erectus and the anthropoid 
apes than are the Tasmanians. We therefore cannot agree with the 
statement that “recent experiences show so many connections between 
