74 Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. [Sess. 
Cannstatt. 
Europeans. 
Cro-Magnon 
Briinn. 
Tasmanians. 
Galley Hill. 
Kalmucks. 
Briix. 
Gibraltar. 
Spy-Neanderthal . 
Pithecanthropus eredus. 
on the eight counts common to the three 
the Europeans and Dschagga Negroes are 
practically equal in position. 
The above partial tables emphasise the 
necessity of knowing as many of the 
cranial measurements as possible before 
arriving at any conclusion concerning the 
relative degrees of development of any 
given crania. Where only a few of the 
measurements or indices are obtainable for 
any particular cranium we are, of course, 
compelled to confine ourselves to these, 
treating them as we have those of the 
Veddahs and Dschagga Negroes in this 
paper; but the above work shows how 
necessary it is to know as many of the 
measurements as possible. 
In fig. i, then, which represents graphi- 
cally the relative positions of the various 
crania as deduced in this study, the Veddahs 
and Dschagga Negroes are not included. 
Their approximate positions relative to 
the European and Cannstatt crania and to 
one another are shown in the above partial 
tables. They might have been altogether 
omitted from the investigation, but that 
their presence serves to exemplify the 
principles mentioned. 
It should be stated here that the 
measurements designated European are 
those given by Schwalbe of some Alsace 
crania, and, further, that in many cases the 
average values adopted have been founded 
on a very limited number of observations. 
Thus, a reference to the paper of Berry and 
Robertson will show that some values are 
the averages of measurements taken on 8, 
or in some cases only 4, Veddah crania, 
5 European crania, 4 Dschagga crania, and 
so on. There must, then, in these cases be 
Anthropoid Ape. 
Fig. 1. 
