1910-11.] Bone Growth in absence of Functioning Testicles. 147 
endochondral ossification is by hypertrophy and surfeit. Increased rate 
of growth of the epiphysial cartilages is due to an increased rate of death 
by surfeit of the cartilage cells. This increased rate of surfeit is preceded 
by an increased rate of proliferation. 
E. Since the composition of the arterial blood is uniform, departures 
from the normal inter-relations of the amount of growth can only be due 
to differences in the absorptive power of the cells of the different epiphysial 
cartilages. 
F. When the sexual glands are removed or destroyed, there are 
departures from the normal inter-relations of the amount and rate of 
growth of the cartilages. 
G. These departures are not fortuitous, but follow the same regular 
plan in men and animals. 
H. So long as all the epiphysial cartilages are open, the stimulus to 
growth affects most markedly the forearm and leg, less markedly the femur 
and humerus, and, at first, still less markedly the limb girdles and the 
vertebral column. This leads to the evolution of the early type of anorchid 
body form which is exemplified by subject C 5. (See also Observations 
B 2, B 3, C 1, C 2, C 3.) 
I. In cases of later onset of the state of anorchidism, and at a late 
stage in cases of early onset, the relative excess in length of the leg and 
forearm is less, whereas the pelvis is both relatively and absolutely larger. 
(Observations A 1, A 2, and A 3.) 
Thus is evolved the central type of anorchid body form which is 
exemplified by subject A 9. To this type also belong the eunuchs whose 
growth is nearly or quite complete. (Observations Cl, C 2, C 3, C 4.) 
This type may fittingly be called “ eunuchoid.” 
K. In cases of late onset of the state of anorchidism, i.e. onset after the 
closure of all the epiphyses, there is no change in the proportions of the 
skeleton. 
This is exemplified by the body form of the Skoptzys converted late in 
life (C 4). 
L. Intermediate between the late, skeletally unaffected anorchids and 
the eunuchoids there is a type in which the body form is almost the reverse 
of the eunuchoid type. This is exemplified by A 10. The forearm and leg 
are relatively short, the femur and humerus of slightly increased size, the 
pelvis wide from side to side but shallow from front to back, the scapula 
broad, and the vertebral column, more especially the thoracic segment, long. 
M. In cases of early testicular failure, the duration of the period of 
endochondral ossification is prolonged, it may be for years. 
