364 Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. [Sess. 
Summarising the results of the foregoing statistical inquiry, it is to be 
noted : — 
1. That in the quinquennium 1861-65 the mortality from tuberculosis 
of the lungs at all ages was practically the same in Scotland and in England 
and Wales in both sexes, the mortality among females being greater than 
among males (Table I.). 
2. That between 1861-70 and 1906-7 there has been a smaller reduc- 
tion of the mortality in Scotland than in England and Wales, and this is 
almost entirely due to the much smaller reduction in female mortality, the 
reduction in male mortality being practically the same in both countries 
(Table II.). 
3. That while in England and Wales the female rate fell below the 
male rate in 1866-70 and has continued so to an increasing degree, this did 
not occur in Scotland till quinquennium 1891-95 (Table I.). 
4. That while in England and Wales the reduction has been greater 
among females than among males from 15-20 years onwards, in Scotland 
this has been the case only from 35-45 years onwards (Plate II.). 
5. That in the rural area of Scotland the percentage reduction of 
mortality at age periods 0 to 45-50 years has been less in both sexes than 
in the urban area, and that up to 25 years of age there was a smaller 
reduction in female relatively to male mortality in the rural than in 
the urban area (Plate IV.). 
6. That contrasting the urban and rural areas of Scotland with the 
somewhat similar areas in England and Wales since 1891-1900, the female 
rate in the urban area is much higher than that in England and Wales, 
while the male rate is now lower. The rural female rate is also higher, and, 
as in England and Wales, it is lower than the male rate. The ratio of the 
female rate in the urban and rural areas of Scotland to that in England 
and Wales is as follows : — 
1891-1900 
1901-5 
1906-7 
Urban Area. 
England. Scotland. 
100 150 
100 146 
100 132 
Rural Area. 
England. Scotland. 
100 119 
100 124 
100 123 
In both urban and rural areas in Scotland the male and female rates 
from 0-5 to 35-45 years are greater than those in the corresponding areas 
of England and Wales. 
7. That in certain towns and groups of towns in Scotland the female 
rate at all ages exceeds, and in others is the same or less than, the male rate. 
The cause or causes of the greater mortality from tuberculosis of the 
