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Proceedings of the Koyal Society of Edinburgh. [Sess. 
difference between the two countries in the relative number of females em- 
ployed in these industries. In Scotland since 1871 on an average nearly 26. 
per cent, of the occupied females above 10 years of age were engaged in 
textile manufacture, while in England and Wales less than 17 per cent, were 
so employed ; 33 per cent, fewer females from 10-20 years of age were 
engaged in it in England and Wales than in Scotland. 
Dress . — This includes dressmaking, tailoring, staymaking, millinery, etc. 
The work is on an average of a lighter nature than either agricultural or 
textile labour. In Scotland 13 per cent, and in England and Wales above 
18 per cent, of the occupied females above 10 years of age were so employed. 
Nearly 40 per cent, more females from 10-20 years of age were employed 
in this industry in England and Wales than in Scotland. 
Thus there is and has been in Scotland since 1871 a markedly smaller 
number of the female population between 10 and 20 years engaged in the 
relatively light occupations of indoor domestic service and dress manufacture, 
and a markedly larger number in the harder work of agricultural and 
textile industries, than in England. Any diminution in the bodily resist- 
ance produced by these conditions would probably be chiefly operative on 
the mortality rates between 15 and 35 years, and it is between these age 
periods that the reduction in female mortality is so markedly smaller in 
Scotland (Plate II.). In the following Table, where the rate at each age 
period is compared with that at all ages taken as 100, the great diminution 
since 1861-70 at age period 15-35 in England as compared with Scotland 
is well seen. 
Table XI.— Comparative Mortality from Tuberculosis of the Lungs among 
Females in Scotland and England and Wales. 
1861 
-70. 
1901-5. 
Scotland. 
England 
and Wales. 
Scotland. 
England 
and Wales. 
Females all ages 
100 
100 
100 
100 
„ 0-5 years . 
56 
38 
31 
31 , 
„ 5-10 „ . 
33 
19 
28 
18 
„ 10-15 „ . 
58 
41 
59 
40 
„ 15-20 „ . 
130 
126 
130 
96 
„ 20-25 j) 
150 
156 
149 
121 
„ 25-35 „ . 
153 
172 
165 
152 
,, 35-45 ,, 
137 
153 
154 
172 
„ 45-55 „ . 
104 
112 
108 
142 
„ 55-65 „ . 
80 
81 
71 
110 
„ 65-75 „ . . . 
49 
49 
43 
79 
