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Proceedings of the Koyal Society of Edinburgh. [Sess. 
females in England and Wales from age period 5-10 to 45-55 years, and 
since 1901-05 from 5-10 to 65-75 years. 
Percentage Reduction in Mortality from All Causes except Tuberculosis 
of the Lungs. — The percentage reduction during period. 1861-70 to 1906-07 
at age periods is graphically shown on Plate VIII., and is calculated in the 
same way as for pulmonary tuberculosis (Plate II.). Since 1871-80 the 
reduction among females has been smaller in Scotland than in England 
and Wales during age periods 10-15 to 25-35 years, and since 1881-90 
from 10-15 to 35-45 years of age. 
Reduction in Female as compared with Male Mortality. — Though the 
difference between the rate of reduction among females as compared with 
males during age periods 15-20 to 25-35 years in the respective countries 
is not so marked as in the case of pulmonary tuberculosis, it is yet striking. 
In Scotland, during 1881-90 and since that time, the rate of reduction 
among females has been markedly less than among males from 10-15 to 
35-45 years, and in England and Wales from 1881-90 to 1891-1900, it 
has also been less than among males, but not nearly to the same amount, 
and from 1901-05 it has been greater than, or the same as, among males 
from 15-20 to 25-35 years. The curves on Plate VIII. bring this out more 
clearly. 
Some influence has operated in Scotland since 1861-70 which has kept 
the mortality among females, from all causes other than tuberculosis of 
the lungs, higher in that country than among females in England and 
Wales at age periods beyond 5-10 years, and has retarded the rate of 
reduction of mortality among females in Scotland as compared with 
that among females in England and Wales between the ages 10-15 
and 35-45 years, and as compared with males in Scotland during the 
same age periods. 
A comparison of the curves on Plate II. and Plate VIII. shows that 
the rate of reduction among females from tuberculosis of the lungs 
follows a somewhat similar course to that from all causes except this 
disease, and the question naturally arises as to whether in both cases 
the same cause is operative, and whether this consists in a lowered 
bodily resistance to disease in general among females in Scotland as 
compared with females in England and Wales, brought about, it may 
be, by the different conditions detailed on page 366. This I hope to 
discuss in a second paper. 
[Table* 
