398 Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. [Sess. 
third. In the guinea-pig the centres are not so numerous or so definitely 
localised, but two centres are described in the posterior third of the cerebrum 
associated with movements of fore and hind limbs. These centres are 
placed near the middle line, while immediately below them is the centre 
for eye movements. The centre for movements of the ear is described as 
lying more posteriorly than the others, while the centre for the mouth is 
placed in the anterior third. In the rat the centres described correspond 
fairly exactly with those of the guinea-pig. 
Goltz describes the results of removal of large portions of the anterior 
portion of the cerebral hemispheres, and calls attention to the fact that the 
symptoms presented by dogs so operated on are not those which would 
naturally be expected were the generally accepted view of the significance 
of the motor area correct. In this connection an interesting report is given 
by Klein, Langley, and Schafer (9) on a dog, a large portion of whose 
cerebral hemispheres had been removed by Goltz, but which showed freedom 
of movement and marvellously normal sight and hearing. 
Ferrier and Yeo describe a monkey from which a large portion of the 
so-called motor area had been removed and which showed definite paralytic 
symptoms. The brains of those animals were subsequently removed and 
reported on by Klein (11), Langley (10), and Schafer (12). 
An interesting account is given by Langley and Griinbaum (13) of 
the brain of a dog which Goltz had submitted to an operation somewhat 
similar to that already described. 
Fiirstner (6) describes some interesting experiments on the cerebrum of 
various animals, among which is the rabbit. 
Fritz and Hitzig (1) demonstrate the excitability of definite areas of the 
cortex, and the presence of definite changes in the function of a limb 
whose centre has been removed. 
The work of Nothnagel (14) is here only referred to. 
Moeli (15) gives an interesting description of changes occurring after 
lesion of the cerebrum in rabbits. He describes disturbance of vision as a 
sequence to injury of the posterior part of the opposite cerebral hemisphere. 
The investigations of Bevan Lewis (16), Ferrier and Yeo (8), Schafer 
(12), Beevor and Horsley (17, 18, 19), are here only referred to, as, although 
of the greatest importance with regard to the question of cerebral localisa- 
tion as a whole, they bear but very indirectly on the work in hand. 
Professor Sir W. Turner (21, 23) gives a full review of the arrangement 
and type of the cerebral convolutions in various orders of mammalia. 
This he has amplified by a paper on the cerebral hemisphere of the 
ornithoryhnchus paradoxus. 
