1910-11.] Anatomy of the Head of the Australian Aboriginal. 605 
Western section of the Negro race, and of two of the Oceanic or Eastern 
section of the same race. 
Turner (8) describes the muscular and vascular anomalies of a pure 
Negro, without racial admixture, from the British West Indies. In two 
subsequent communications (9 and 10) he describes the dissections of two 
more Negroes, but he had no data as to their birthplace. 
Wood (11), so far back as 1865, had an opportunity of dissecting a Negro. 
Bryce (12) gives a careful description of all the muscular variations met 
with in the dissection of a pure-bred Negro of unknown nationality of 34 
years of age. 
Giacomini (13) also deals with the muscular variations of a Negro. The 
same Author also describes the existence of Harder’s ©-land in a Bushman, 
the duplicity of the cartilage of the plica semilunaris, the ciliary muscles in 
Negroes, and the distribution of pigment (14). Giacomini has also a third 
paper (15) dealing with the same subject — the anatomy of the Negro. 
Testut (16 and 17) has two valuable papers on the comparative anatomy 
of the Negro, and on the muscular anomalies in Negroes and whites. 
Michel (18) has described two cervical muscular anomalies in the 
Negro. 
Duckworth (2) describes the dissection carried out by himself of a Kroo 
native, and also figures the larynx of the same. 
Popovsky (19) has dealt pretty fully with the facial musculature of an 
Ashantee Negro, whilst Anthony and Hazard (20) give a short sketch of the 
individual muscles of a dissected arm and lower limb from a Negro of 
Obangui. They state that no specially striking or numerous variations 
occurred, but that the muscles appeared to be shorter and thicker than in 
the European. 
Fallot and Alezais (21) had an opportunity of making an autopsy on 
the body of a Negro from Martinique. 
Bartels (22) examined the larynges of eleven Negroes, whilst Livini (23) 
had an opportunity in Florence of dissecting the corpse of a mulatto, the 
father a Mozambique Negro and the mother a white woman, and also of a 
Cuban-born mulatto, the father a Negro and the mother a white woman. 
Livini describes a large number of variations which occurred in the muscles, 
arteries, and intestines. 
Flower and Murie (1) in 1867 gave a very full account of their dissection 
of a Bushwoman aged about 22. They deal with the external characters, 
muscular system, arterial system, nervous system (the brain excepted, which 
was handed over to Mr Marshall), the thoracic and abdominal viscera, and 
the generative organs. 
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