1910-11.] Anatomy of the Head of the Australian Aboriginal. 613 
in another work (41). There are, therefore, in all a series of 76 nasal measure- 
ments recorded on the Australian aboriginal native. Of these 48 are males and 
28 females, and of the total number 70 were recorded on the living subject. 
On analysing these measurements, the average heights, breadths, and 
indices for the Australian aboriginal are as follows : — 
A. Nasal Height. 
76 unsexed .... 
. 48-2 
48 males ..... 
. 49fi 
28 females .... 
. 45-8 
B. 
Nasal Breadths. 
76 unsexed .... 
. 47-7 
48 males ..... 
. 49-0 
28 females .... 
. 45*4 
C. 
Nasal Index. . 
78 unsexed . . . . 
. 98-9 
48 males ..... 
. 98-8 
28 females .... 
. 99T 
From these figures there emerge three facts. First, that the Australian 
nose is nearly as broad as it is long; second, that there is a distinct 
sexual difference in the nasal form; and third, that the female nose is 
relatively broader in proportion to its height than is that of the male. 
Since the present paper with its larger amount of material is free 
from errors due to the use of insufficient numbers, and since its results 
show that the nasal index in all three groups, unsexed, males, and females, 
is always greater than is the figure quoted by Cunningham for the Negro 
namely, 95’6, it necessarily follows that the statement that the Australian 
nose is not so broad as that of the Negro falls to the ground. 
As the above results were obtained by the ordinary arithmetical method 
of averaging, I thought it advisable to test the point still further by Pearson’s 
biometrical methods, and I asked my assistant, Dr A. W. D. Robertson, to 
work out for me the mean nasal index and its standard deviation with the 
probable errors. 
From this biometrical analysis of the nasal index for both sexes combined 
there emerges the interesting fact that the mean nasal index is even higher 
than as wmrked out arithmetically, for it results in a mean of 99'53, with 
a probable error of ’92. This, therefore, seems finally to disprove the view 
that the Negro nose is broader than the Australian, for so far as figures are 
available to us the Negro nasal index is 95'6 and the Australian 99’53d=‘92. 
The standard deviation of the nasal index, as worked out by Dr Robertson 
