1910-11.] Anatomy of the Head of the Australian Aboriginal. 617 
The Negro ear is not only short, but is also relatively broad ; that of the 
Papuan broad and of middle length ; that of the Hamite of middle length 
and small ; whilst that of the Mongolian is the longest and smallest. 
For the Australian aboriginal my figures work out as follows : — 
For the males as 1 is to 1' 9. 
For the females as 1 is to 17. 
For both sexes combined as 1 is to 1*8. 
The Australian aboriginal male has therefore a relatively narrower 
and longer ear than any of the races mentioned by Karutz, whilst the 
Australian aboriginal female ear is of the same relative proportions as 
the Hottentot. 
Schwalbe (46), writing in Bardeleben’s Handbuch dev Anatomie des 
Menschen, terms the ear index of Topinard, with which we have just dealt, 
the “ physiognomischen Ohrindex,” and, unlike Cunningham, regards it as 
of considerable importance, for he says the “physiognomischen Ohrindex 
ist ein anthropologisch wichtiger Index.” He further tells us that in the 
adult male it ranges from 50 to 78, with an average of 605. In the female 
it ranges from 45 to 74, with an average of 59*0. 
In addition to this physiognomical ear index, Schwalbe (48) has intro- 
duced what he calls the morphological ear index, in which the length of the 
ear base is compared with the true length of the ear, the latter being taken 
as 100. 
As Spencer and Gillen did not record either of these measurements, my 
examination of the morphological ear index in the Australian aboriginal is 
restricted to 9 ears of six individuals, 6 ears from the three individuals 
of the present work, and the remainder from Cunningham’s memoir. Of 
these 9 ears, 7 are from males and 2 from one female. 
On analysing these measurements, the ear base, the true ear length, 
and the morphological ear index are, for the Australian aboriginal, as 
follows : — 
A. Length of Ear Base. 
9 unsexed .... 
. 48-4 
7 males ..... 
. . . 49-4 
2 females .... 
. 45-0 
True Ear Length. 
9 unsexed .... 
. 31*7 
7 males ..... 
. 29-5 
2 females .... 
. 39*5 
