1889-90.] Professor Calderwood on Evolution. 79 
to be implied in the ordinary conditions of its exercise. It does not 
seem to help us to suggest, as Professor Bain does, that feeling 
has an intellectual side and a volitional, for feeling neither thinks 
nor wills. What Cyples has well described as “congruent con- 
secutive activity of associated sense-apparatus ” does not lead us 
up to the facts to be explained. When we set receptivity and 
activity in contrast, we can agree with Mr Eomanes in naming the 
contrasts recepts and concepts ; but the laws of the recepts, as 
these are on the way to the concepts, imply something more than 
the “ congruent consecutive activity of associated sense-apparatus.” 
It does not appear that sense-apparatus is able to evolve the power 
which takes control of human activity in its ordinary but distinctive 
phases. 
There is still greater complexity of procedure behind all this, 
when we include a representation of the higher government which 
we name moral life. I have not introduced this ; there is not room 
for doing so in this paper, and there is already ample material 
before the Society for discussion. 
Having regard to the conciseness of statement requisite in such a 
paper as this, I have endeavoured to supply illustrations sufficiently 
varied to admit of test in course of subsequent debate. 
I close by stating the general position maintained. So far as 
human organism is concerned, there seem no overwhelming obstacles 
to be encountered by an evolution theory ; but it seems impossible 
under such a theory to account for the appearance of homo sapiens, 
— the thinking, self-regulating life, distinctively human. 
On Coral Reefs and other Carbonate of Lime Formations 
in Modern Seas. By John Murray, LL.D., Ph.D., and 
Robert Irvine, F.C.S. 
(Read December 2, 1889.) 
The vast organic accumulations known as coral reefs are, un- 
doubtedly, among the most striking phenomena of tropical oceanic 
waters. The picturesque beauty of coral atolls and barrier reefs, 
with their shallow placid lagoons, and their wonderful submarine 
zoological and botanical gardens, fixed at once the attention of the 
