26 BULLETIN 1045, U. S. DEPARTMENT 0E AGRICULTURE. 
of 1919-20. The author of the report states the results as follows : 
t: The cows did not consume the sunflower silage as readily as the 
* cane " silage, and they sometimes left a small quantity of it: but. 
notwithstanding this fact, the total amount of milk produced on 
sunflower silage was greater than that produced on • cane ' silage." 
In a short feeding test at the University of Saskatchewan (-5) 
sunflower silage was compared with oat silage as a roughage for 
dairy cows. The former produced slightly more milk, pound for 
pound, than oat silage. 
The results at the University of Saskatchewan are supported by 
the report of the county agricultural agent of Wallowa County. 
Oreg.. in the Farm Journal of January. 1921. p. 6 s . In response 
to a campaign for a wider use of sunflowers for silage. 14 silos were 
filled with sunflowers in 1919. Field peas and oats had previously 
been the chief silage crop of that county, and the sunflower silage 
proved more satisfactory than the pea-and-oat silage. 
Another matter of considerable importance to the butter maker 
has developed in the feeding of sunflower silage at the field station 
of the United States Department of Agriculture at Ardmore. S.Dak. 
F. L. Kelso, farm superintendent, claims that considerable difficulty 
was experienced in manufacturing a satisfactory grade of butter 
while the sunflower silage was being fed. He says, in correspondence 
dated June 17. 1921: "It seemed almost impossible to get the butter 
to harden, although the flavor was fairly satisfactory. An ordinary 
churning required from an hour to an hour and a quarter while 
this silage was being fed. Under ordinary circumstances when corn 
or cane silage is fed it requires approximately 15 minutes to churn. 
The first churning that was done after discontinuing the feeding of 
sunflower silage required 22 minutes." This question of the effect 
on the butter is important and so far has been investigated very 
little. 
Xot withstanding these adverse reports, the conclusion seems war- 
ranted that good sunflower silage is worthy of consideration as a con- 
stituent in the rations of dairy cows in localities where better silage 
crops are not available. 
FEEDING TESTS WITH BEEF CATTLE. 
The Montana Agricultural Experiment Station reports tests m 
ing sunflower silage to beef cattle of practically all sizes and 
ages. Calves were fed. with good results, rations in which one-half 
or more of the roughage was sunflower silage. It was learned, how- 
ever, that calves could not be put on a heavy feed of silage too 
rapidly: when this was done they went "off feed." This difficulty 
was not encountered with mature cattle. Two-vear-old steers were 
