SOILS OF MASSACHUSETTS AND CONNECTICUT. \) 
Lowland district. In Massachusetts, however, in southeastern Wor- 
cester, southwestern Middlesex, and western Norfolk Counties, good 
results have been secured. In the northern two-thirds of the Western 
Highlands the climate is generally considered too severe for com- 
mercial peach orcharding, though scattering orchards are more or 
less successful. Isotherms of the weather maps indicate within rough 
limits the peach-growing sections and the nonpeach-growing sections 
as already outlined. But if weather conditions had been the only 
determining factor in the location of the peach industry, the orchards 
of the State would not have been distributed as they now are. In 
general the slopes along the west side of the Central basin have 
much fewer peach orchards than the slopes along the eastern side, 
and although there are very few orchards in the latter position be- 
tween Hartford, Conn., and the Massachusetts line, an important 
development occurs just north of the State boundary in the Wil- 
braham district. 
The development of peach orcharding has already proved that 
climatic conditions favoring the business obtain in considerable 
areas of the State, and that only a small percentage of such areas 
have been developed. It is true, of course, that only a small part of 
the soils of such climatic areas are the most desirable, but such tracts 
readily may be selected, and they include many undeveloped local 
areas of good peach soils. 
Barring low-tying areas the climatic conditions of the whole State 
are well suited to apple growing, though the character of the fruit 
varies with the kind of soil and not improbably to some extent 
with the range in climate — i. e., a Baldwin grown on a certain soil 
1,000 feet above sea level in the northwest part of the State matures a 
little later- and it seems reasonable to suppose that it may possess a 
little better keeping qualities than one grown 40 miles farther south 
on the same character of soil at an elevation of 500 feet; and while 
this point is generally conceded by growers, it would be of greater 
value if supported by experimental data to measure as nearly as may 
be the amount of this difference. 
SOILS OF SOUTHERN NEW ENGLAND. 
The soil materials of southern New England, the rocks from which 
they have been derived, and the glacial processes by which they were 
accumulated in their present positions have been described. These 
are factors of great importance in determining the character of 
the soil, but they are not the exclusive ones. The most important 
additional factors are drainage, chemical change, and the accumula- 
tion of vegetable matter. These latter are equally as important in 
determining the productive power of the soil as are the former. 
