56 BULLETIN" 140, V. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
While the hills of Massachusetts and Connecticut include a great 
deal of ideal Baldwin soil, or soil that resembles the ideal closely 
enough for practical purposes, they also include a great deal of soil 
that is not so well adapted to the Baldwin. The greatly superior 
color of the fruit from some orchards on mellow, friable loams, 
when compared with that from others on a more retentive kind of 
soil and subsoil — certain clay loams of the same series or moist 
loams of a different series — elevation, slope, methods of culture, and 
fertilization being virtually the same, gives striking evidence of the 
importance of the soil factor. On just this basis the fruit from 
some orchards sells for a higher price than that from others. This 
illustrates the economic advisability of selecting the orchard site 
with soils adapted to the variety to be planted. 
SOILS FAVORABLE FOR THE RHODE ISLAND GREENING. 
As the best prices for the Rhode Island Greening are usually 
obtained in Xew York City the majority of commercial growers 
have aimed to meet the preference of that market. The demand 
there for a " green " Greening has usually been stronger than for 
one carrying a high blush; and while individual buyers may be 
found, it is said, who do not discriminate against the latter, many 
of them do. Xot infrequently the " green " Greening brings a pre- 
mium of 25 cents or more a barrel over the " blush " Greening. Of 
even more importance sometimes is the fact that a " green " Greening- 
will move on a slow market when a " blush " Greening fails to do so. 
There is also a trade objection to the "blush" Greening from the 
fact that the consumer is rarely able to distinguish it from Mon- 
mouth, a red-cheeked green apple, which does not serve at all well 
the purpose for which the Greening is usually bought. In view of 
these trade conditions the writer has especially sought those soil 
characteristics which best contribute to the production of a " green " 
Greening, and in previous writings or in meetings addressed, the soil 
adaptations for the Rhode Island Greening have been described with 
the green type of apple as the standard sought. Bearing this ideal 
in mind, the soils adapted to this variety are distinct from the 
Baldwin standard. A surface soil of heavy silty loam or light silty 
clay loam underlain by silty clay loam excels for the " green " Rhode 
Island Greening. Such soil will retain sufficient moisture to be 
classed as a moist soil, yet it is not so heavy as ever to be ill-drained 
if surface drainage is adequate. The soil should be moderately rich 
in organic matter, decidedly more so than for the Baldwin. In 
contrast to the Baldwin soil in the growth of corn, it should keep the 
lower leaves of the plant green until harvesting time, or at least until 
late in the season. Such soil conditions maintain a long seasonal 
