SOILS OF MASSACHUSETTS AND CONNECTICUT. 61 
cut so far available this variety seems to yield somewhat heavier 
crops at the highest altitudes in the northern part of the State than in 
the southern part; there is less trouble from dropping and the fruit 
has better keeping quality. Even in the northern counties at eleva- 
tions as low as 300 feet there is much loss from dropping, the tree 
does not yield satisfactorily, and the fruit is not as crisp as at higher 
altitudes. 
SOILS FAVORABLE FOR THE TOMPKINS KING. 
The Tompkins King is fully as exacting as Northern Spy in soil 
adaptation. The tree, with its straggling tendency of growth, does 
not develop satisfactorily on sandy soils, but succeeds best on a 
moist yet well-drained soil, i. e., the light Rhode Island Greening 
soil, a soil capable of maintaining such supply of moisture that the 
ree receives no check at the approach of drought. But the fruit 
grown on soils so heavy often lacks clearness of skin, and the ap- 
pearance of the apple is marred by the greenish look extending far 
up the sides from the blossom end, and the lack of the well-developed 
color which makes this fruit at its best very attractive. A layer of 
hardpan within a few feet of the surface may produce similar effects. 
Hence the problem is to balance these»two opposite tendencies as 
well as possible, and soil of the following description seems best 
to do this : Light, mellow loam, the sand content thereof being me- 
dium rather than fine, thus constituting an open textured loam rather 
than a fine loam. A subsoil of the same texture or only slightly 
heavier is favorable, and one heavier than a very light, plastic clay 
loam or inclining toward stiffness in structure should be avoided. 
For this variety the productivity of the soil should be at least moder- 
ately well maintained. 
SOILS FAVORABLE FOR THE FALL PIPPIN. 
Soils adapted to the Fall Pippin are somewhat wider in range than 
those described for Northern Spy and Tompkins King. In fact, 
this variety may be very successfully grown on the soils described 
for both the Tompkins King and the Northern Spy. It is prefer- 
able, however, that the surface soil be a fine loam rather than the 
open-textured loam described for the Tompkins King. 
Another soil combination which has given very good results in 
Connecticut is a strong loam 10 to 12 inches deep, underlain by 
sandy loam which offsets in a measure the retentiveness of the surface 
soil. 
SOILS FAVORABLE FOR THE ROME BEAUTY. 
The commercial worth of Rome Beauty for New England is yet 
to be determined. In middle latitudes it bears the same relation to 
the Grimes in soil requirements that Baldwin does to the Rhode 
