PULPWOOD CONSUMPTION AND WOOD-PULP PRODUCTION. 5 
per cent in the form of slabs and other mill waste. In 1916, 34 per 
cent was in the rough, 51 per cent peeled, 11 per cent rossed, and 4 
per cent slabs and mill waste. 
Considerable variation exists in the average cost of the wood by 
reason of its treatment. For rough the average was $9.67 per cord, 
for peeled $11.91. for rossed $17.03, and for slabs and other mill 
waste $6.14. (See Table 7, Appendix.) 
CONDITION OF WOOD BY SPECIES. 
In Table 7 is shown the condition of pulpwood as delivered to the 
mill, arranged by States; in Table 8 the data are presented by kinds 
of wood. Of the domestic spruce 57 per cent is rough, 34 per cent 
peeled, and 9 per cent rossed; in imported spruce 18 per cent is 
rough, 49 per cent peeled, and 33 per cent rossed. In hemlock 79 
per cent is rough, 20 per cent peeled, and 1 per cent rossed. Spruce, 
hemlock, and balsam fir are the only woods which are reported rossed. 
All of the imported poplar, yellow poplar, gum, Douglas fir, and 
basswood was peeled. (See Table 8, Appendix.) 
DISTANCE OF PULPWOOD HAULS. 
The belief prevails in the pulp and paper industry that the distance 
between the source of the pulpwood supply and the place of its 
manufacture grows greater with each succeeding year. Figures for 
a number of individual plants give weight to the assumption, but 
proof is lacking for the industry as a whole. In order that this 
important phase of operation might be recorded, the schedule 
employed by the Forest Service in making the 1917 census carried 
a question as to the approximate average distance between the source 
of supply of pulpwood covered by the report and the mill at which it 
was consumed. The data are shown in Table 9 arranged according 
to distance zones for the five principal pulp-producing States. The 
figures are truly representative, since the quantity of wood referred 
to by distance for each State amounts to 80 per cent or more of the 
total quantity reported consumed in that State, an exception being 
noted for New Hampshire alone, where the quantity of wood included 
in the distance tables is but 28 per cent of all the wood reported 
consumed. In Maine more than 60 per cent of the quantity reported 
upon was transported less than 150 miles; in New York 40 per cent 
was hauled between 300 and 500 miles; in Wisconsin 32 per cent was 
shipped between 150 and 200 miles and an additional 30 per cent 
under 150 miles; in New Hampshire 39 per cent was moved less than 
25 miles and another 54 per cent between 25 and 50 miles; in Penn- 
sylvania 32 per cent was carried between 600 and 1,000 miles and 27 
per cent between 250 and 400 miles, the remainder between 100 and 
250 miles. Taking the States as a whole, approximately 54 per cent 
was transported under 150 miles and another 35 per cent between 
