46 
BULLETIN 716, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
The higher price for most 1916 products and the'greater quantities 
or numbers of the products above mentioned sold both indicate that 
the labor income for 1916 should have exceeded that of former years 
even more than it did. This would be true except for two other 
factors, the increase in expense connected with operating the farm 
business and the decrease in the quantities or numbers of several 
farm products that were available for sale, both of which partly 
counteracted the higher prices received for most products. 
The farm expenses in 1916 were greater than for any of the other 
years and 11 per cent more than the average for the five years. 
Most of this increase was for feed and hired labor. The expense 
for roughage feed in 1916 was slightly less than the five-year aver- 
age, while that for concentrates was 72 per cent more than the 
average. The quantity of concentrate feeds bought was 56 per cent 
more and the price 10 per cent higher. The expense for hired labor 
in 1916 was 28 per cent more than for the average of the five years. 
The number of months of hired labor was 21 per cent more and the 
average wages 6 per cent higher. 
Aside from hay and clover seed, the quantities of all crops sold 
were less in 1916 than the five-year average, and there were fewer 
sheep and less wool sold than the five-year average. 
Table XIII. — Number of young stock produced over a period of five years, 1912- 
1916, on 25 farms (Palmer Township, Washington County, Ohio.)' 
Kind of stock. 
1912 
1913 
1914 
1915 
1916 
Five- 
year 
average. 
Calves 
68 
6 
291 
184 
69 
2 
332 
232 
77 
6 
193 
320 
85 
6 
212 
318 
91 
7 
215 
273 
78 
Colts 
5 
249 
265 
With the higher prices, but smaller quantities sold, the sales of 
coiai, wheat, oats, and apples in 1916 were each below the five-year 
average, while the smaller quantities of potatoes, wool, and sheep sold 
were so affected by the higher price received that the sales of each in 
1916 were a little above the five-year average. The higher prices for 
these products were so counteracted by the quantities sold that the 
receipts from all of them in 1916 just equaled the five-year average 
receipts. 
The only crop with decidedly higher receipts in 1916 than in pre- 
ceding years was clover seed. It was a good clover-seed year, the pro- 
duction was over 300 per cent of the average, and the quantity sold 
363 per cent. The price received was 5 per cent below the average 
and the sales amounted to $29 per farm against a five-year average 
of $8. However, the production of clover seed has been a minor en- 
