Roughage. 
Corn fodder (stover) tons__ 19 
Silage do 16 
Mixed hay do 39 
A FIVE-YEAR FARM MANAGEMENT SURVEY IN" OHIO. 43 
silage and corn stover as well as hay are used for roughage. As 
shown in Table X, the number of feed units of corn is 42 per cent of 
the total, or 43,784, and this divided by 56, which represents the feed 
units value of a bushel of corn, is 782, or the number of bushels of 
corn required. After making a similar calculation for each kind of 
feed, the following approximate feed requirements for the above 
stock are obtained : 
Concentrates. 
Corn bushels— 782 
Wheat do 122 
Oats do 72 
Bought feed tons__ 2. 6 
To illustrate the second way in which the table may be applied: 
A farmer has for feeding, 500 bushels corn, 50 bushels wheat, 12 
tons corn stover, and 23 tons mixed hay. He wishes to determine the 
amount of stock he can carry. The corn and wheat have the feed 
value of 31,000 feed units (500X56+50X60=31.000), and the corn 
stover and hay that of 24,400 feed units (12X500+23X800=24,400), 
or a total of 55,400 feed units. The total divided by 2,673 equals 20+, 
or the approximate number of animal units he can expect to carry 
without the purchase of additional feed. The concentrates in this 
case are 56 per cent of the total feed units and the roughage 44 per 
cent, or in the same proportion as the average for the 25 farms over 
the 5-year period. 
On these farms most of the stock were on pasture during the 
pasture season, but the pasture consumed has not been included in the 
feed requirements. The feed value of pasture is generally placed at 8 
to, 10 feed units daily per animal unit. Occasionally some straw was 
fed, but the quantity was very small, and it was not included in cal- 
culating the feed requirements. 
THE SOURCES OF SUPPLY AND DEATH RATE FOR THE DIFFERENT CLASSES OF 
LIVE STOCK. 
Since live stock with its products is the source of so large a part of 
the income in this area, some data as to the sources of supply of the 
different classes of stock, together with the losses, are presented here. 
These data are for the 25 farms over the five-year period, and in the 
case of live-stock losses represent what ordinarily may be expected. 
The work stock consisted almost entirely of horses. Some of the 
farmers kept the same work horses throughout the five-year period ; 
others changed all their horses, and still others changed some of 
them. Fifteen per cent of the work horses were changed each year, 
three-fourths of which were sold and one-fourth of which died. 
This indicates that the work horses are kept on the same farms for an 
average of 6f years. The horses disposed of were replaced by colts 
and by purchases — almost an equal number from each source. The 
