42 
BULLETIN" 716, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
(2) With given quantities of various feeds, one can approximate 
the number of stock he will be able to carry, and determine if the feed 
is fairly well apportioned between concentrates and roughage. 
For these purposes the average over the five-year period should be 
used for the standard, while the extremes in the different years may 
be used to indicate possible variations. 
Table X. — Percentage of total feed units from each kind of feed and the num- 
ber of feed units per animal unit on 25 farms over a period of 5 years, 
1912-1916 {Palmer Toivnship, Washington County, Ohio). 
Distribution of feed units. 
1912 
1913 
1914 
1915 
1916 
Five-year 
average. 
Percentage of total feed units a from— 
Corn (grain) . . 
47 
10 
3 
42 
7 
2 
46 
6 
1 
( 6 ) 
4 
9 
4 
30 
43 
5 
1 
1 
6 
9 
4 
31 
36 
7 
1 
7 
7 
10 
32 
42 
Wheat.. . 
Oats 
2 
Rye... 
5 
Bought feed... 
4 
11 
3 
9 
4 
33 
Corn fodder (stover) . . . 
9 
Corn silage 
5 
Hav 
25 
30 
Concentrates, per cent of total feed units. . 
Roughage, per cent of total feed units 
64 
36 
54 
46 
57 
43 
56 
44 
51 
49 
56 
44 
Number of feed units per animal unit c 
Number of acres of pasture per animal unitd 
2,365 
5.2 
2,745 
5.0 
2,846 
4.9 
2,711 
4.7 
2,698 
4.5 
2,673 
4.9 
q A "feed unit" represents the feed value of a pound of corn or its equivalent. 
1 bushel corn= 56 feed units. 
1 bushel wheat=00 feed units. 
1 bushel oats=29.1 feed units. 
1 bushel rye= 56 feed units. 
1 ton bought feed= 2,000 feed units. 
1 ton fodder (stover )= 500 feed units. 
1 ton siiage=333 feed units. 
1 ton hay= 800 feed units. 
Feed units computed according to table in Wisconsin Circular No. 37, June, 1912. 
b Less than one-half of 1 per cent. 
c In calculating the number of feed units per animal unit, straAv when used as feed was not considered, 
neither was pasture. The feed value of pasture is generally placed at 8 to 10 feed units per animal unit 
daily. 
d Includes animal units for work stock but not for poultry. 
The following example will serve as an illustration of the first way 
in which the table may be applied : 
A farmer keeps 6 cows, 1 bull, 3 horses, 50 ewes, 2 brood sows-, and 
250 chickens. He will raise or feed out 1 heifer, 4 steers, 6 calves, 50 
lambs, 40 hogs, and 120 chickens. He wishes to determine the quan- 
tity of feed required. The above stock is the equivalent of 39 
mature horses or cows. With 2,673 feed units required for each 
animal, the total feed requirement is 104,247 feed units. The con- 
centrates required for feed, as shown in this table, are 56 per cent of 
this total, or 58,378 feed units, which is the equivalent of 1,042 bushels 
of corn. The roughage required is 44 per cent of the total, or 45,869 
feed units, the equivalent of 57 tons of hay. Were corn the only con- 
centrate used, and hay the only roughage, these would be the ap- 
proximate quantities required. But in this area wheat, rye, oats, 
and various bought feeds, such as bran, middlings, oil meal, cotton- 
seed meal, and tankage, are also sources of concentrate feeds, and 
