A FIVE-YEAR FARM MANAGEMENT SURVEY IN OHIO. 
41 
amount of stock kept on these farms, with the single exception of 
1915, when it was slightly less than in 1914. While this increase in 
stock was only 2.6 animal units from 1912 to 1916, yet it was an in- 
crease of 20 per cent, and, when considered in connection with the 
rising prices of animal products, was quite significant in increasing 
the labor income. 
Table IX. — Relative amount of live stock kept on 25 farms over a period of 
five years, 1912-1916 {Palmer Township, Washington County, Ohio). 
Distribution of animal units. 
1912 
1913 
1914 
1915 
13.5 
14.4 
15.3 
14.9 
41 
45 
49 
53 
4 
4 
4 
4 
35 
28 
21 
19 
9 
11 
15 
13 
11 
12 
11 
11 
1916 
Total productive animal units per farm 
Percentage of total productive animal units in- 
Cattle 
Horses and colts a 
Sheep „ 
Hogs 
Poultry 
a Does not include work stock. 
With a gradual increase in the amount of stock kept there were also 
changes in the number of stock of the different kinds, especially in 
cattle and sheep. The number of cattle increased 68 per cent from 
1912 to 1916 and the number of sheep decreased 58 per cent during 
the same period. Both the increase of cattle and the decrease of sheep 
represented gradual changes. There were more cattle and fewer 
sheep each succeeding year. 
THE AMOUNT OF FEED REQUIRED FOR LIVE STOCK. 
The feeds produced on the farms for live-stock consumption in this 
area were corn, small grains, and hay. While a small quantity of feed 
was bought, the bulk of the feed, exclusive of pasture, was derived 
from these crops. To determine the relative importance of these 
crops as sources of feed, and the amount of feed required per animal 
unit per annum for the live stock kept on the farms in this area, a 
system was used for reducing the feeds to a common standard. This 
standard, known as a feed unit, represents the expression of all feeds 
consumed when compared with the feeding value of a pound of corn. 
In the footnote under Table X is given the relative value of each 
feed used on these farms. 
The percentage of the total feed units derived from each kind of 
feed that has been fed by 25 farmers during each year of the five- 
year period and the average number of feed units they fed per animal 
unit are given in Table X. This table may be practically applied in 
two ways : 
(1) With a given number of stock one can readily approximate the 
total quantity of feed that will be required, the proportion of concen- 
trates and of roughage. 
