A FIVE-YEAR FARM MANAGEMENT SURVEY IN OHIO. 17 
Some of the land that was cut over during the five years was 
cleared and either seeded for permanent pasture or used for growing 
cultivated crops. However, the larger portion of it remains un- 
cleared and is growing to brush and briars. This is true also of 
some of the land that had been cut over a few years prior to 1912. 
On land that has been left this way for several years second growths 
of the native timber trees are noticeable, and on some of the more 
open parts bluegrass has obtained a stand. 
Most of the land that was cut over about 20 years ago has since 
been handled in one of the following ways: 
(1) Cleared and used for cultivated crops. 
(2) After clearing, used for permanent pasture, the pasture grasses 
having come in voluntarily or the land having been seeded for 
pasture. 
(3) Some blocks or clusters of second-growth white oaks that give 
promise for future timber supplies are permitted to remain, the 
underbrush in some instances being removed and in others not. 
(4) Young white oaks and black walnuts when more or less scat- 
tered are sometimes permitted to remain, all less desirable species and 
the underbrush being removed. The land is afterwards used for pas- 
ture, the grasses coming either spontaneously or from seedings. 
Figure 6 illustrates the practice described as the third method. 
These white oaks were estimated at about 50 years old. The photo- 
graph was taken from a block about 5 acres in extent. 
Blocks of younger trees on other farms bid fair to equal these in 
time. On several farms part of the cut-over land has been handled 
as described under methods 3 and 4. With a yearly decrease in the 
available timber supply, it is most probable that similar practices 
will be used with parts of the more recently cut- over lands. To say 
the least, such practices are well worth consideration. 
Old locust trees are scattered over the township, having been 
planted years ago near buildings or along fences. Clusters of young 
locusts are found here and there, where they have spread from the 
roots of stumps or from seeds scattered from older trees. On a few 
farms locust groves have been set out. The locust borer is a serious 
problem to those who desire or have tried to grow locusts. When old 
trees are made into posts the effects of this insect's work are readily 
seen, and young trees are frequently killed by this pest. In spite 
of the borer, however, locusts are grown in the township, and an 
attempt should be made to grow them on every farm. They may fur- 
nish posts for the farm, but even if they should not, they are well 
worth trying on rough land that is producing little or no pasture. 
The pasture in all probability will be improved. 
63263°— 18— Bull. 716 3 
