SUGAR PRODUCTION IN U. S. AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 43 
boundary wall. At every gate there is a watch room for the internal-revenue 
guard, and the factory is also required to provide living rooms for at least 
four guards, with an office and quarters for the revenue officer. The officer 
checks the production of the refinery and every shipment leaving it. These 
shipments may be made only between the hours of 6 a. m. and 7 p. m., in 
quantities not smaller than 500 kilograms (1,100 pounds), and from specially 
designated gates. The Government, through its fiscal officers located at the 
refineries, thus has complete control of sugar production and withdrawals from 
the factories for consumption. 
RUSSIA. 
BEET SUGAR. 
The area devoted to the growing of sugar beets in European Russia 
extends practically over all of the southern half of that portion of 
the Empire. The principal area devoted to the crop is confined to 
six Provinces — Kiev, Podolia, Karkov, Kursk, Volhynia, and War- 
saw. The area under beets increased nearly 40 per cent during the 
last 10 years, yet the increase in the area of cultivated land, was such 
that the relation of beet area to the cultivated area was unchanged. 
The area under beets occupies approximately one-half of 1 per cent 
of the area under cultivation. The principal beet district is in the 
Provinces of Kiev and Podolia. These two Provinces contain nearly 
one-half of the sugar factories. The area of beets planted in Russia 
increased from 1,363,535 acres in 1903-4 to 1,896,410 in 1912-13, or 
an average for the decade of 1,517,887. The supply of beets is ob- 
tained from two sources, those grown on land cultivated or con- 
trolled by the factories and those grown by independent farmers. 
The area of beets planted by the factories was about one-third of the 
total area under this crop, and increased from 459,532 acres in 1903 
to 582,825 in 1912. The area planted by independent farmers in- 
creased from 904,003 acres in 1903 to 1,313,585 in 1912. The area of 
beets harvested increased from 1,331,892 acres in 1903 to 1,847,313 
in 1912, an average for the decade of 1,481,857, or 97.6 per cent of the 
area planted. The average area harvested during the decade ending 
with 1902-3 was 1,079,076 acres. The area harvested has more than 
doubled during the last 20 years, and increased from 825,644 acres 
in 1893-94 to 1,847,313 in 1912-13. Slightly better results were ob- 
tained from the area of beets grown by the factories than by the 
independent farmers. During the 10 years 1903-4 to 1912-13 the 
factories harvested 98.9 per cent of the area of beets planted, while 
the independent farmers harvested 97 per cent. The area of beets 
harvested per factory increased from 3,653 acres in 1893-94 to 6,437 
in 1912-13. 
The production of beets increased from 8,617,655 tons in 1903 to 
14,940,490 in 1911, or an average of 10,386,550 tons for the 10 years 
ending with 1912. The average production of beets per acre for the 
