SUGAR PRODUCTION IN U. S. AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 33 
UNITED KINGDOM. 
The United Kingdom, though a very small producer of sugar, plays 
an important part in the international sugar situation. It is the 
world's second largest sugar market, and it has been the market for 
most of the sugar exported from the beet-growing countries of 
Europe. The imports of sugar are exceeded only by those of the 
United States. The production of beets and sugar are not given, but 
must be small, as the area planted to beets varied from 51 acres in 
1909 to 4,085 in 1913 and 2,334 in 1914. It can be readily seen that the 
production of sugar from this small area would supply a very small 
part of the nation's requirements. Practically all of the beets are 
grown in the county of Norfolk, which also contains the only sugar 
factory. 
The exports of sugar from the United Kingdom consist of sugar 
that has been imported in the raw state and refined or made into 
candy. The annual average for the decade ending with 1913 was 
34,982 tons, ranging from 50,252 in 1906 to 26,246 in 1913. The im- 
ports of sugar consist of nearly equal amounts of raw and refined. 
The raw sugar imported during the five-year period 1893-1897 con- 
stituted 52.1 per cent of the total imports, as against 41.4 per cent 
for 1900-1904 and 52.6 per cent for 1910-1914. The refined sugar im- 
ported since 1893 came chiefly from the beet-growing countries of 
Europe. Those same countries also supplied approximately one-half 
of the raw sugar imported. The cane sugar was supplied chiefly by 
Egypt, Java, Philippine Islands, Peru, Brazil, and the British 
colonies of Mauritius, British West Indies, and British Guiana. The 
two principal European countries contributing to the sugar supply 
were Germany and Austria-Hungary. During the decade 1894-1903 
54.5 per cent of the sugar imported came from these two countries, 
53.5 from Germany and 1.0 from Austria-Hungary. Also the im- 
ports from Java for this period amounted to 1.6 per cent of the total, 
and Cuba supplied 1.3 per cent. During the next decade, 1904-1913, 
this condition was changed. The average annual imports of sugar 
increased nearly 200,000 tons, while the imports from Germany de- 
creased approximately 100,000, or 10.3 per cent. The countries of 
Austria-Hungary, Java, and Cuba each show a large increase. The 
annual imports from Austria-Hungary during the decade 1904-1913 
compared with the preceding one increased approximately 250,000 
tons, or 13.2 per cent. Imports from Java increased 84,000 tons and 
Cuba 25,000 tons. These four countries supplied slightly less than 
60 per cent of the sugar during the decade 1894-1903 and approxi- 
mately two-thirds during the decade 1904-1913. Germany has been 
the source of nearly one-half of the sugar supply of the United King- 
dom for the last 20 years. During the 10 years ending with 1903 the 
62069°— Bull. 473—17 5 
