30 BULLETIN 473, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
In 1901-5 there were 4,000 sugar factories, of which 160 were 
usinas, or large mills, and 3,840 engenhos, or small mills. Three- 
fourths of these mills were located in three States — 1,547 in Per- 
nambuco, 857 in Alagoas, and 666 in Sergipe. The total output of 
sugar for all factories in 1904-5 was 328,485 tons, of which 171,959 
tons (or 52.3 per cent) was produced in Pernambuco, 39,683 (or 
12.1 per cent) in Alagoas, 33,069 (or 10.1 per cent) in Sergipe, and 
29,762 (or 9.1 per cent) in Rio cte Janeiro. The production of sugar 
per factory was largest, 419.18 tons, for Rio de Janeiro; the average 
was 111.15 for Pernambuco, 49.65 for Sergipe, 46.30 for Alagoas. and 
82.12 for all factories in Brazil. 
In 1911-12 there were 4,324 factories, of which 134 were usinas 
and 4,190 engenhos. The output of sugar per factory in the three 
States of Pernambuco, Alagoas, and Sergipe shows an increase over 
1904-5, while a decrease is shown for the factories in Rio de Janeiro. 
The production of sugar amounted to 330,690 tons, of which 165,345 
tons (or 50 per cent) was produced in Pernambuco, 44,092 (or 13.3 
per cent) in Alagoas, 33,069 (or 10 per cent) in Sergipe, and 
38,580 (or 11.7 per cent) in Rio de Janeiro. The production of raw 
sugar in Brazil increased from 221,000 in 1903-4 to 343,000 in 
1912-13, or an average of 273,000 for the decade. In 1913-14 the 
production amoimted to 228,000 tons, which increased to 269,000 in 
1914-15. The production of sugar exceeded 300,000 tons for only 
three years during the 12 years 1903-4 to 1914-15. The production 
for these three years was 308,000 tons in 1905-6, 316,000 in 1910-11, 
and 343,000 in 1912-13. The exports for the decade 1905-1914 
amounted to 15 per cent of the production and averaged annually 
41,082 tons. The exports of sugar during the decade 1905-1914 de- 
creased 58.1 per cent during the last five years, as compared with the 
first five, while the production increased 9.2 per cent for the same 
periods. The imports have been in negligible quantities, and aver- 
aged 112 tons annually during the decade 1905-1914. France and 
Germany were the principal sources for imports of sugar, while the 
United Kingdom was the chief destination for exports. During 
this period the annual consumption averaged 232,000 tons, or ap- 
proximately 20 pounds per capita. 
PERU. 
CANE SUGAR. 
The territory used for the growing of sugar cane in Peru lies 
chiefly along the Pacific coast, but also a small area east of the Andes 
Mountains is used for cane. The crop is wholly an irrigated one, as 
there is very little rainfall. The climatic and soil conditions are 
well adapted to the growing of cane. The crop is planted and har- 
