26 BULLETIN 473, U. S. DEPARTMENT OE AGRICULTURE. 
lowing. This bonus was to be divided equally between the growers 
and the company. These factories were provided with machinery 
to refine raw sugar. Beginning November 30, 1906, additional aid 
was granted by a reduction in the tariff on imported sugar testing 
not more than 75 degrees by the polariscope of 31-| cents per 100 
pounds and 1 cent for each additional degree. 
The total land area under cultivation during the last 10 years ag- 
gregated 35,000.000 acres, of which the area under sugar beets varied 
from 16,200 acres in 1903 to 21,937 in 1911 and fell to 21,000 in 1914. 
The production of beets varied from 71,411 tons in 1903 to 201,000 
in 1912 and 108,600 in 1914. The yield of beets per acre was only 
4.60 tons in 1903, increased to 11.03 in 1910. but yielded only 8.98 
tons in 1914. The value of the beet crop can be given for only 1908 
and subsequently, which amounted to $578,000 in 1908, increased to 
$1,154,000 in 1911, and decreased to $651,000 in 1914. The average 
price per ton was lowest. $5, in 1912, and highest, $6.59, in 1911. 
Five factories began operations in 1903, 4 in Ontario and 1 
in Alberta ; 2 of the factories in Ontario closed the following year 
and in 1908 another factory closed, but reopened for the next cam- 
paign. The slicing capacity of these factories varied from 500 to 
850 tons of beets per day of 24 hours. The output of sugar varied 
from 7,515 tons in 1903-4 campaign to 13,773 tons in 1914-15 cam- 
paign. The sugar content and extraction are available for only 
1909-10 and 1910-11 campaigns. The sugar content varied from 15 
to 17.26 per cent of the weight of the beets, and the extraction varied 
from 13 to 14.89 per cent, or from 260 to 298 pounds of sugar to 1 
ton of beets. The average length of the campaign varied from 65 
to 100 days, beginning in October and ending in January, but the re- 
fining of imported raw sugar permitted the factories to operate for 
a longer time. One of the factories, when employed on raw sugar, 
had a refining capacity of 350,000 pounds per day of 24 hours. 
The exports of sugar from Canada were practically nil, being 
as low as 2 tons in 1913. The imports varied from 183,630 tons in 
1903 to 345.583 in 1914. The consumption of sugar in 1903 amounted 
to slightly less than 200,000 tons and gradually increased to 359,000 
in 1914. or a per capita consumption of 66.6 pounds in 1903 and 92.7 
pounds in 1914. 
Annual statistics of the maple-sugar industry are not available, 
but the returns of the last four censuses indicate the annual pro- 
duction to be about 20,000.000 pounds. The production of maple 
sugar in 1880 was 20,556,049 pounds; in 1890, 25,088,274 pounds; 
in 1900, 17,804.825 pounds; in 1910, 10,488,340 pounds of sugar and 
1,802,581 gallons of sirup. Reckoning 8 pounds of sugar to 1 gal- 
lon of sirup, the production in 1910 is equivalent to 24,908,988 
pounds of sugar, valued at $2,587,413. 
