SUGAR PRODUCTION IN U. S. AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 19 
period 1901-1913 aggregated $70,000,000, compared with $80,000,000 
for copra. The value of the manila hemp exported during the same 
period equaled the value of both copra and sugar. 
The five principal crops of the Philippine Islands are hemp (abaca) , 
coconuts, corn, rice, and sugar cane. The total area under cultivation 
in 1902, as shown by the census, was 3,209,446 acres, or slightly less 
than one-half of the total area of the islands. The area under the five 
principal crops in 1902 was 2,813,686 acres, or 87.7 per cent of the 
area under cultivation. The area of sugar cane cultivated was 177,628 
acres, or 5.5 per cent of the area under cultivation, as compared with 
45.6 for rice, 16.8 for manila hemp, 11.4 for coconuts, and 8.3 for corn. 
In 1912-13 the area of the five crops had increased to 5,665,000 acres 
and increased again the following year to 6,225,000 acres. The value 
of these five crops at the local markets was $82,761,000 in 1912-13 and 
$78,193,000 in 1913-14. 
The area of cane cultivated in 1912~13 was 435,188 acres, which was 
exceeded by each of the other four crops. In value, at provincial mar- 
kets, the sugar products held fourth place, amounting to $12,849,000, 
or nearly twice the value of the corn. In 1913-14 the area of cane 
cultivated was 418,676 acres, which was exceeded also by each of the 
other four crops. In value the sugar products held third place, 
amounting to $14,316,000, being exceeded only by rice and manila 
hemp, The area of sugar cane in 1913-14 decreased nearly 17,000 
acres as compared with the preceding } 7 ear, yet the value of the sugar 
products produced in 1913-14 was nearly $1,500,000 more than the 
previous year. 
The production of sugar in 1902-3 aggregated 200,000 tons, which 
decreased to 168,000 tons in 1909-10, but increased to 345,000 tons in 
1912-13 and to 408,000 in 1913-14. 
There is a large number of small sugar mills in the Philippines, 
but the tendency has been toward larger and better equipped plants. 
There are now three mills, each having a capacity of 1,200 tons of 
cane per day of 24 hours. 
The sugar exported from the Philippines is a low grade of raw 
sugar and is nearly all sent to the United States. However, for some 
years China and Hongkong each received more than the United 
States. The exports to all countries varied from 82,855 tons in 1903-4 
to 234,759 tons in 1913-14. The annual average for the 11 years 
1903-4 to 1913-14 was 159,093 tons. Only refined sugar has been im- 
ported into the islands, amounting to less than 3,000 tons annually. 
The smallest quantity imported for any one year since 1903 was 1,310 
tons in 1905-6, and the largest quantity was 4,862 tons in 1911-12. 
The local consumption of sugar has been estimated at about 100,000 
tons, or a per capita consumption of 25 pounds. As the quantity of 
sugar imported is small, a fair estimate of the quantity produced may 
