SUGAR PRODUCTION IN U. S. AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 15 
was imported. From 1840 to 1852 only about one-half was imported, 
and for 1S53 and 1854 less than one-half. For 1855 and subsequently 
the imports have been approximately three-fourths of the total sup- 
ply, except for the period 1863 to 1876, when the imports exceeded 
90 per cent of the total supply. These imports include the ship- 
ments of sugar from the noncontiguous possessions of Hawaii, Porto 
Rico, and the Philippine Islands to the United States. Imports 
from these possessions increased from 10 per cent of the total sup- 
ply in 1865 to 20 per cent in 1909 and to 25 per cent for 1910 and 
subsequently. The sugar brought from the noncontiguous posses- 
sions increased from 35,000 tons in 1865 to 280,000 tons in 1890 and 
to more than 1,000,000 tons in 1914. During 1912, 1913, and 1914 
these possessions supplied one-third of all the sugar imported. The 
receipts from the noncontiguous territory during the decade ending 
with 1912-13 increased 138.5 per cent over the decade ending with 
1902-3. The receipts from Porto Rico for this period increased 
318 per cent, Hawaii 91.6, Philippine Islands 143.3, while the im- 
ports from foreign countries increased only 12 per cent. These in- 
creases compare favorably with the increase in production in conti- 
nental United States for this 20-year period. The increase in pro- 
duction of sugar during the decade ending with 1912-13 over the 
preceding decade was 8.3 per cent for cane sugar and 20.9 for beet 
sugar. The exports of sugar from the United States have been 
mostly refined and were sent chiefly to the United Kingdom, Cen- 
tral American States, and the West Indies. The annual exports 
have exceeded 100,000 tons only four times since 1865, and ranged 
from 5,000 tons in 1896 to 129,000 tons in 1885 to 275,000 in 1915, and 
for the 12 months ending June 30, 1916, the exports were 815,076 
tons. The exports during the decade ending June 30, 1913, increased 
180.4 per cent over the preceding decade. 
The United States exceeds all other countries in consumption of 
sugar, consuming annually nearly one-fourth of the world's produc- 
tion. The consumption of raw sugar increased from 40,612 tons in 
1822 to 103,000 in 1838, 341,000 in 1852, 545,000 in 1870, 1,001,000 
in 1879, 2,131,000 in 1893, 3,190,000 in 1903, and 4,397,000 in 1914. 
The per capita consumption of sugar in the United States was ex- 
ceeded by the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand. The 
consumption per capita in the United States has increased from 8.9 
pounds in 1822 to 34.3 in 1861, but decreased to 17.8 in 1863, and in- 
creased to 28.4 in 1866, 40.6 in 1872, 54.2 in 1884, 73 in 1894, 80.4 in 
1909, and 89.1 in 1914. The increase in consumption of sugar has been 
greater than the increase in population. For the decade ending with 
1912-13 the total consumption of sugar was 42.9 per cent greater thai) 
for the decade ending with 1902-3, as against an increase of 21 per 
cent for population for the same period. The increase for per capita 
