SUGAR PRODUCTION IN U. S. AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 13 
was approximately double the quantity produced by the vacuum-pan 
process. 
MAPLE SUGAR. 
The United States and Canada are the only two countries for which 
data relating to production of maple sugar and sirup are available. 
The territory of the United States devoted to this industry is located 
in the northeastern part and extends from the Atlantic coast as far 
west as Missouri and from the Canadian border as far south as North 
Carolina and Tennessee. The first official figures are the census re- 
ports for 1849, which give the production of maple sugar that year 
as 34,253,436 pounds. Succeeding reports give 40,120,205 pounds of 
sugar and 1,597,589 gallons of sirup in 1859; 28,443,645 pounds of 
sugar and 921,057 gallons of sirup in 1869; 36,576,061 pounds 
of sugar and 1,796,048 gallons of sirup in 1879; 32,952,927 pounds of 
sugar and 2,258,376 gallons of sirup in 1889; 11,928,770 pounds of 
sugar and 2,056,611 gallons of sirup in 1899; 14,060,206 pounds 
of sugar and 4,106,418 gallons of sirup in 1909. The production of 
sugar has decreased more than one-half since 1849, while the produc- 
tion of sirup has trebled. In 1849 seven States each produced more 
than 1,000,000 pounds of sugar, compared with only three States pro- 
ducing a like amount in 1909. The seven States and the quantity of 
sugar produced in each in 1849 were New York, 10,357,484 pounds; 
Vermont, 6,349,357; Ohio, 4,588,209; Indiana, 2,921,192; Pennsyl- 
vania, 2,326,525; New Hampshire, 1,298,863; and Virginia, 1,227,665. 
The production for those seven States in 1909 was 3,160,300 pounds 
for New York, 7,726,817 for Vermont, 257,592 for Ohio, 33,419 for 
Indiana, 1,188,049 for Pennsylvania, 558,811 for New Hampshire, 
and 44,976 for Virginia. Ohio has been the leading State in the 
production of maple sirup, producing approximately one-fourth of 
the total since 1849. The production of maple sirup in Ohio in- 
creased from 370,512 gallons in 1849 to 1,323,431 in 1909. The seven 
other States that produced over 100,000 gallons of maple sirup in 
1909 were New York, 993,242 gallons; Vermont, 409,953; Pennsyl- 
vania, 391,242; Indiana, 273,728; Michigan, 269,093; Wisconsin, 
124,117; and New Hampshire, 111,500. Estimating the quantity of 
sugar in 1 gallon of sirup to be 8 pounds, the total production of 
sugar in 1859 was 52,900,000 pounds, compared with 46,900,000 
pounds in 1909. 
The number of farms reporting maple sugar or sirup made in 1909 
was 87,537, as against 62,718 in 1899, or slightly more than 1 per 
cent of all farms in the United States during both years. The num- 
ber of trees tapped in 1909 was 18,899,533, of which 5,586,000 were 
in Vermont, 4,949,000 in New York, 3,170,828 in Ohio, and 1,298,000 
in Pennsylvania. The value of the sugar and sirup produced in 
