12 BULLETIN 473, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
240,000 tons for beet sugar. During the next five years, 1906-7 to 
1910-11, the average production of beet sugar exceeded the cane by 
116,945 tons. The annual production of beet sugar exceeded cane 
for the first time in 1906-7 and gradually increased to more than six 
times the cane sugar in 1915-16. 
The production of cane sugar in Louisiana as given by A. Bouch- 
ereau presents an interesting account of the industry, part of which 
is not found in other reports. As shown by his report, the area of 
cane ground increased from 121,991 acres in 1889-90 to 207,671 
in 1898-99 and to 216,916 in 1907-8. The cane used for sugar for 
the same years, respectively, was 2,195,838, 4,361,177, and 4,338,320 
tons, and the production of cane per acre for the same } T ears 
was 18, 21, and 20 tons. There were 746 factories in Louisiana in 
1889-90, which decreased to 334 in 1898-99 and to 209 in 1907-8. 
In 1889-90, 651 of these factories were operated by steam power and 
95 by horsepower. The horsepower was gradually displaced by 
steam power, and in 1901-2 all the factories were operated by steam 
power. In 1889-90, 590 factories used the open-kettle and open-pan 
process for making sugar and 156 the vacuum-pan process. The fac- 
tories using the open-kettle process gradually decreased to 28 in 
1907-8, while the factories using the vacuum-pan process increased 
to 181. The 590 factories using the open-kettle process produced an 
average of 84 tons of sugar per factory in 1889-90, as against 606 
tons for the factories using the vacuum-pan process. In 1907-8 the 
average was 394 and 1,838 tons, respectively, for these two classes 
of factories. The 746 factories in 1889-90 produced only 143,746 
tons of sugar, compared with 343,755 tons for the 209 factories in 
1907-8. The sugar produced per acre by the open-kettle process 
ranged from 1,431 pounds in 1899-1900 to 2,165 in 1895-96. The 
production of sugar per acre by the vacuum-pan process varied from 
2,560 pounds in 1899-1900 to 3,696 in 1902-3. The production of 
sugar per acre by the vacuum-pan process from 1889-90 to 1907-8 
was nearly twice as much as by the open-kettle process. The produc- 
tion of sugar per ton of cane by the open-kettle process was less than 
two-thirds of the quantity produced by the vacuum-pan process. 
The production by the open-kettle process varied from 74 to 109 
pounds per ton of cane, while the vacuum-pan process varied from 
132 to 168 pounds. The production of molasses increased from 
18,431,988 gallons in 1889-90 to 28,069,571 in 1902-3, but decreased 
to 22,532,774 in 1907-8. Approximately 85 per cent of the molasses 
was produced by the factories using the vacuum-pan process. The 
production of molasses by the vacuum-pan process was as low as 
26.29 gallons per 1,000 pounds of sugar, while the open-kettle process 
was as high as 97.61 gallons per 1.000 pounds of sugar. The average 
production of molasses per ton of sugar by the open-kettle process 
