



SOILS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY AND THEIR USES. 15 
Each of the four areas constitutes a portion of a locality which 
has been developed to a marked degree for special agricultural pro- 
duction. Itis in such areas that the closest adjustments of farm prac- 
tices to natural conditions may naturally be looked for. It may 
reasonably be held that the existing adaptations of crop to soil have 
resulted from the observations of skilled farmers acting through a 
considerable period of years. In all four areas the sums invested in 
each year’s operations represent a risk which the individual farmer 
desires to minimize through the adoption of every proved device of 
agricultural art which will add certainty to his prospects of profit. 
In all cases the field maps were platted upon a scale of 6 inches to 
the mile through the ordinary methods of plane-table survey. Bound- 
aries of fields and of other forms of occupation are shown and the 
kind of crop occupying each area of land at the time of the survey 
is indicated. This cultural map is combined with a detailed soil map 
so that the relationship of crops to soil may be read directly from 
the single map. 
In order that the details of soil occupation might be determined, 
the completed maps were measured and the acreage of each form of 
occupation of each soil type was computed. 
The accuracy of all of the maps is controlled by adjustment to the 
topographic maps of the region, executed by the New Jersey Geo- 
logical Survey in cooperation with the United States Geological 
Survey. Upon the scale adopted for this special soil and crop 
mapping it is estimated that accuracy may be attained down to the 
limit of one-fourth of an acre. 
The total area of each: map and of each soil type was measured, and 
the total area of each crop upon each soil type was also measured, 
independently. It was found that interplanting and duplication of 
cropping gave rise to an excess of land occupation over total land 
area in some instances. In all cases the percentages of land occupa- 
tion are figured on the basis of the total land occupation, in order to 
give each soil type its full weight in the production of each crop. 
Table I shows the relationship between total land areas and total 
occupation by crops and otherwise for each area mapped. 
TaBLE I.—Total area, area occupied by crops, and area of waste land in each 
of the four soil-crop survey areas. 





: Total area 
Tees Total ares Ee a rough and 
: mapped. : swampy 
occupation. Tatas! 
Acres. Acres. Acrés 
KCC Oldie eter route eek 8k Fed lee th pe) Gah fe ike eas Rem y 2,515. 8 De Ofelia ae hee 
lea elm ap et to OT GRR feed Sas gl 2, 259. 1 2,078. 6 216. 6 
BIRETOROL ATC wep eee eh ek conte bun ke Ne EMA ea Ok a eee tL ol Ee, 1,476.3 1,358.5 123.5 
SECS OOO. coo Sab OSS ae ae AE aa SS Sere aa Sn ee eS | 2, 597.3 2, 490. 9 144.4 


