28 BULLETIN 677, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
sandy loam. In the vicinity of Masonville it grades almost directly 
into a somewhat sticky coherent fine sandy loam, which is in turn 
underlain by a stiff, brown loam, or sandy clay subsoil. The entire 
subsoil has a considerable content of greensand. 
Both level and sloping areas of the type occur in the Hartford area. 
Drainage is fairly well established. 
The agricultural uses of the soil for orcharding, special crop pro- 
duction, and general farming are fairly representative of more exten- 
sive areas of the type elsewhere in southern New Jersey. 
Elkton loam.—The surface soil of the Elkton loam is a light-brown 
to ash-colored heavy silty loam having a depth of 12 to 15 inches. 
The subsoil is a shghtly heavier silty loam of a yellowish color be- 
coming mottled yellow and gray at a depth of 24 to 36 inches. 
The type occupies level to depressed areas of small extent, asso- 
ciated with the Sassafras loam and other upland types. It has a 
tendency to become baked: and puddled when thoroughly dry at the 
surface and would be decidedly benefited by artificial drainage. 
Portsmouth sandy loam.—The surface soil of the Portsmouth sandy 
loam, to an average depth of 6 to 9 inches, is a dark-gray to almost 
black sandy loam. It is usually well charged with partly decayed 
organic matter. The subsoil is Deewana an almost white, sticky, 
sandy loam. 
The type occupies depressed areas where drainage has not became 
well established. Through a considerable part of the year the deep 
subsoil, at least, is saturated with standing water. 
A very small area of this type is found in the Hartford area and it 
is closely associated with better drained upland soils so that its uses 
are scarcely distinctive. 
In addition to the distinct upland soil types there are quite ex- 
tensive tracts of land along the walls of the Parker’s Creek channel 
and elsewhere which are too steep and broken for cultivation. These 
areas are almost without exception timbered and were not considered 
in the study of the cropping of the different agricultural types. 
Some of the creek bottoms were sufficiently extensive to justify 
mapping. They are moist, subject to inundation at times and liable 
to receive additions of soil material from time to time. The surface 
soils were usually dark loams or sandy loams while the deeper sub- 
soils at least consisted of beds of greensand or glauconitic Joam or 
clay. The only agricultural use of this material, mappa as the 
Freneau loam in the Hartford area, is for pasturage. 
All these soils are representative of the same types in othe parts 
of southern New Jersey, and conform for the most part to the gen- 
eral descriptions already given. In the case of the Collington sandy 
loam alone is there any decided departure from normal. The deep 
phase of this soil in the greater part of its area in the Hartford map 
