36 BULLETIN 677, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
Near the margins of the Sassafras sand in the Thorofare area and 
in small depressions throughout its area there are small tracts where 
the presence of underlying clay becomes evident through the some- 
what sticky condition of the deep subsoil. This clay layer aids in the 
retention of moisture in soil and subsoil while it is usually sufficiently 
covered by sandy materials to permit of good to excessive drainage 
of the type. 3 
The surface of the Sassafras sand is nearly level in the Thoro- 
fare area. Slight ridging exists, but not sufficient to interfere with 
cultivation. | 
The area is representative of considerable tracts of the type which 
exist along the low terrace bordering the Delaware River, particu- 
larly in the vicinity of the mouths of the larger tributary streams. 
In all of these localities the type is fully occupied for the production 
of intensively tilled crops. Trucking has been intensively developed 
on this soil from the vicinity of Burlington, N. J., to that of Penns 
Grove, N. J. The Thorofare area is representative of this belt. 
Sassafras sandy loam.—The Sassafras sandy loam is in most re- 
spects identical with the areas described in the Hartford area. It 
occurs along slopes at the higher elevations near the southern 
boundary of the Thorofare area. Surface drainage is good, while 
the heavier subsoil assists in maintaining a good supply of moisture 
in both soil and subsoil. Practically all of the type is under culti- 
vation. | | | 
Collington fine sandy loam.—The surface soil of the Collington 
fine sandy loam contains a little more fine sand than is typical, owing 
to a moderate amount of wind action in piling up low ridges of fine 
sand near the larger streams. The subsoil is a dark-brown, greasy 
clay to a depth of 18 inches, where it is underlain by a brown loam 
or clay loam distinctly marked by the presence of greensand. 
The surface of the type is nearly level and drainage is well estab- 
lished. 
Portsmouth sandy loam.—This soil occupies areas where drainage 
is poorly established. It is marked by a dark, mucky surface soil, as 
in the Hartford area, and by a gray to nearly white sandy loam sub- 
soil. The latter is nearly always saturated with standing water. 
Swamp.—The areas mapped as Swamp consist of small tracts of 
poorly drained stream bottoms. They are either timbered or used 
for pasture. No tilled crops are grown upon them. 
Tidal marsh.—Extensive areas of Tidal marsh border the upland 
both along Woodbury Creek and along the Delaware River. In 
favorable situations these areas have been diked and drained and 
some areas of hay are annually cut. The chief use is for pasture, and 
adjacent upland farms, devoted to truck growing, frequently main- 
i= phe meee 
