

SOILS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY AND THEIR USES. 37 
tain some dairy cows from the pasturage and forage crops furnished 
by the diked lands. The areas of Tidal marsh are not included in 
the measurements of the detailed crop and soil map. 
None of these soils differ materially from their normal charac- 
teristics in southern New Jersey, except that the outer margins of 
the Sassafras sand areas show a sticky clay underlying the type at a 
depth ranging from 24 to 36 inches. This narrow belt of land ex- 
presses the thinning out of the material and the near approach to 
the surface of the older, underlying clay beds. 
A part of the Tidal marsh is diked and used for hay production 
and for grazing. The swampy stream bottoms are used for grazing, 
while the steeper slopes from upland to stream bottom are chiefly in 
forest. Nearly every available acre of upland is occupied by some 
crop or by the homestead and necessary lanes. i 
The total and relative areas of the different soils are shown in 
Table VI: 
TABLE VI.—LH«atent of different soil types, Thorofare area. 



Propor- 
Area tion of 
Soil type. occu- | total oc- 
pied cupied 
area 
Acres Per cent. 
SASsaihas|san Cepsese yaar ae peat eeae eas Mae tg leis gee tna a gt ll Ae OE yey tT int 940. 5 : 
DSassalrasisamciygl Onin senses geriaa ee ieee ORE) Mike t lea Su. ia GLb terra City beara Ne 248. 9 18.3 
IRORLSIMOULhE San diyylOamaeetst ats se eon au te ee oh Ne eT La Onis 123.5 9.1 
Collinge tontinersandysloame sist a oon eae ae 45.6 3.3 
Motallesamen ee pee eee iy re ae ee mr Se Pina CR sue 1,358.5 100. 0 


USES OF SOILS. 
In the Thorofare area the Sassafras sand dominates; the Sassa- 
fras sandy loam is the only other important upland soil, and the 
Portsmouth sandy loam and the Collington fine sandy loam are 
areally of decidedly less importance. The study of the crop uses 
of the soils of this area is essentially a study of contrasts between 
the Sassafras sand and the Sassafras sandy loam. 
The character of the agriculture supported by the more sandy 
soils along the low terrace which borders the Delaware River from 
Trenton to the vicinity of Penns Grove is well represented by the 
soul and crop map of the Thorofare area. 
Table VII shows the absolute and relative importance of each 
crop within the area surveyed and upon each of the tilled, upland 
soil types. 
