

SOILS OF SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY AND THEIR USES. 49 
Sassafras loam.—The Sassafras loam is not typical in the Swedes- 
boro area, comprising only two small tracts of loamy wash from the 
upland, accumulated in slight hollows. 
Colts Neck loamy sand.—The surface soil of the Colts Neck loamy 
sand, to a depth of about 8 inches, is a reddish-brown loamy sand. 
The coarse and medium grades of sand are plentiful and a small 
admixture of fine gravel occurs in the surface soil. The subsoil, to 
a depth of about 20 inches, is a reddish-brown to reddish-yellow 
rather coarse loamy sand. At a depth of 20 to 28 inches this grades 
into a sticky, mortarlike sandy loam of a decidedly reddish color. 
A small amount of gravel is present in the subsoil and in the lower 
part there is a tendency toward cementation by iron salts. 
The type occupies gentle slopes along the ridge which crosses the 
area. The greater part of the type hes well for cultivation, but small 
tracts are rather steeply sloping and inclined to become washed by 
heavy rains. Drainage is excellent. , 
This is the principal “ red land” soil in the region, and it is espe- 
cially esteemed for the growing of sweet potatoes, which are of 
the highest quality. 
Colts Neck gravelly sandy loam.—The Colts Neck gravelly sandy 
loam is characterized by a dark, rusty red gravelly loam surface soil, 
having an average depth of about 5 inches. It is underlain to a 
depth of 18 inches by a dark-red, sticky, sandy loam, containing a 
considerable amount of gravel and fragments of iron crust. It is 
frequently hardened through the deposition of iron salts as cement. 
Usually below 18 or 20 inches the deep subsoil is a sticky red clay, 
filled with gravel and broken iron crust. The gravel in this type is a 
honey-colored quartz gravel ranging in size from one-half inch to 2 
inches in diameter. 
The Colts Neck gravelly sandy loam occupies the highest ridges 
in the area and forms separated knolls of some elevation. It has 
suffered to some extent from erosion and is quite generally left in 
forest. It has been utilized to a limited extent for peach orchards. 
Collington fine sandy loam.—The Collington fine sandy loam does 
not differ materially in the Swedesboro area from its occurrences in 
the Hartford and Thorofare areas, except that there are local accu- 
mulations of fine sand on some of the slopes which render the total 
depth of the surface soil greater than is usual. There are within the 
limits of the Collington fine sandy loam certain steep slopes that 
have suffered from considerable erosion. On these slopes the surface 
soil is only 2 or 3 inches thick and in many cases the compact subsoil 
is exposed. This phase is of no great importance either in the 
Swedesboro area or elsewhere in southern New Jersey. 
47659°—18—Bull. 677——"-4 
