\ 
76 BULLETIN 677, U. S: DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
produce good crops of corn, mixed hay, rye, wheat, oats, and cow- 
peas. Apples and pears do well. | 7 
Loam.—This class includes the best general farming soils in 
southern New Jersey. Potatoes are the chief cash crop, with toma- 
toes for canning becoming an important crop in some sections. 
Corn, mixed hay, wheat, and oats produce their largest yields upon 
soils of this group, particularly upon the Sassafras loam, which is 
of greater extent and importance than any other single soil in the 
region. Apples, pears, and cherries thrive at proper elevations. 
The fine sandy loam and loam soils rank together in their crop 
adaptations in this general region. They form the basis for the 
production of the general farm crops, for dairying, for the most 
.extensive production of potatoes, and of tomatoes for canning. 
They produce the larger part of the forage crops and a considerable 
preponderance of the potato crop in the southern part of the State. 
Corn, wheat, hay, potatoes, and dairy products are the chief com- 
modities sold from them. 
Silt loam.—Represented by only one type of limited extent. On 
this, hay and pasture are the chief form of agricultural production. 
Cabbage and potatoes are grown to a limited extent. 
Clay.—Sparingly represented in southern New Jersey and fen 
avoided for crop production. Hay and pasture are the chief uses. 
Tidal marsh—Of considerable extent but sparingly utilized. 
Chiefly in grass for pasturage or hay. Some small areas are tilled 
to corn. Limited areas are devoted to tomatoes and cabbage. 
CONCLUSION. 
(1) The geographic location of the southern New Jersey region 
is such that the largest markets for staple and special farm products 
on the continent lie within easy reach of even the most remote 
localities. (See fig. 2, p. 4.) 
(2) Transportation by steam railroad, by electric railrond. by im- 
proved highways, and even by water ee is more complies es- 
tablished than in the majority of communities in the country. (See 
fig. 2.) 
(3) Agriculture has been established for a period of 275 years in 
parts of the territory under discussion. It has been established over — 
the arable soils of practically all of southern New Jersey for a period 
in excess of 200 years. 
(4) The region has sufficient rainfall during the year and during 
the growing season for maturing all the most important staple and 
special crops suited to the latitude. The growing season between 
killing frosts is usually six months long. (See fig. 1, p. 3.) 

